Awakening1 Essay examples -- essays papers

Awakening1THE AWAKENINGThe contrast between an urban and a tropical setting represents the awakening that the protagonist experiences in Kate Chopins classic novel, The Awakening. At Grand Isle Edna becomes conscious of her restrictive marriage in a male dominated society. Her awakening originates with her experiences at Grand Isle but full develops upon her return to the city, where she completes her transformation from her roles as wife and mother to an independent woman.The setting at the beginning of the novel is the Grand Isle, a popular Creole island resort. The lector first sees Edna returning from the beach, with the sea disappearing on the horizon, and the mood of a lazy spend day permeating the scene. This idyllic environment is soon break up by her husband Leonces computer addressistically stuffy and disapproving reaction to his wifes activities You are burnt beyond recognition. Leonce views his wife as a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered some dam age. Swimming at mid-day, Edna has endangered her respectability in a society where women may be judged by the color of their complexion. Yet Edna does not seem ruffled by societys expectations or by her husbands callous remark. Instead she foc social occasions on the summer warmth, her companion, Robert Lebrun, and swimming, where she is free both physically and emotionally. Ednas habit of removing her wedding rings before entering the water underscores and symbolizes her temporary escape from the ties of matrimony and the bonds of convention.While holiday at Grand Isle, Edna is surrounded by mother-women who idolized their children, worshiped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels. distant these women, Edna does not wish to submerge her own identity and freedom in her role as a wife and mother. At one point, her husband claims that she is a negligent and irresponsible mother and orders Edna to ten d to their sick child, believing this duty to be a mothers place. Uncharacteristically, Edna appears bewildered and distraught after her husbands outburst. An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consciousness, filled her whole being with a vague anguish. She begins to suspect that a deeper relationship is possible between a man and a w... .....got into her blood and into her brain like an intoxicant (124). As Edna continues to separate herself from the traditional roles of women in her time, Chopin distinguishes the main character from those around her through the use of symbolism. At her dinner party, Edna reigns as the confident, self-assured hostess, described by the author as a jeweled goddess emerging from the sea. Venus rising from the foam could be possessed of presented no more entrancing a spectacle than Mrs. Pontellier, blazing with beauty and diamonds at the head of the board . Kate Chopins utilization of the setting in The Awakening is essential to the character development of Edna as she escapes the restrictions of Creole society to become an independent woman. Symbols and images are mirrored and intertwined in the two settings. This repetitive pattern underscores and expands the readers arrest of Ednas enlightenment. But in fact, the most dramatic change in the novel occurs during the transition from Grand Isle to New Orleans. In this story, Chopins use of setting proves to be an effective complement to her vivid imagery throughout the novel, and to the symbolism of renewal and rediscovery.

College Admissions Essays - Something Daring and New -- College Admiss

College Admissions Essays - Something Daring and New Think about something you never did in high school but wish you had done. Now imagine your cartridge holder at college. Propose taking up something daring and new, and describe how it might affect your life. For years I have harbored a secret desire to set out a cheese aficionado. This is not entirely arbitrary. Cheese, as an independent entity out aspect of any broader alimentary context, is at once domain of a functionly and whimsical. It provides the ideal complement to that side of my personality which has historically been dominant. My experiences have been largely rooted in the world of the abstract and the intellectual. Mathematics, music, writing, and the like have given me a certain sense of insularism from reality. While I have historically enjoyed this detachment, there is always a desire to diversify. Eating cheese is a direct immersion in the world of the senses, where things are taken at face value . You dont analyze cheese, you just eat it a refreshingly simple outlook on life. At the same time, cheese offers the oppo...

Capital in the Market and Economy :: essays research papers

Capital is considered anything that helps enable us to reach our goals, while improving the ability of goods and services that we use or produce. Capital is one of the main attributes of improvement. Capital can be almost anything, it can be mental (such as education or training), material (such as a computer or a machine) or it can be money. Capital is invested in a good or service to increase efficiency in production, to increase output and as to increase overall consumer benefit and satisfaction. Capital is a major part of markets and the economy.In order to keep investiture working capital, there are times where consumption levels need to be decreased in order to collect, or save up, more capital. When you open a savings account, the interest that you earn is actually paid by businesses that have been using your money as capital. You may have given up a monthly shopping spree to save your money. While you are saving, someone is paying interest (your capital) on the money you s aved, because they have borrowed it to pay for capital investments such as land, a building, machinery, etc. in order to improve their overall production.If we look at capital in a working environment, we see that when we increase capital goods for workers, they can be more productive. This works up to a point. The law of diminishing returns declares that a general increase in output occurs when capital goods per worker increase, but there comes a point where each increase in capital goods produces a lesser impact on output. At this point, the number of merciful capital (workers) needs to be increased to utilize the capital goods already in place and continue to improve efficiency. An example of this is the clich in any case many cooks in the kitchen. If you have too many cooks, you need to increase the pots and ingredients. When you increase the pots and ingredients, the cooks are able to work more efficiently and also produce more. When you get too many pots and ingredients, an d the cooks are running back and forth, efficiency is decreased. You may still be getting more produced, but not at the same station when each cook had their own pot and ingredients. At this point, you need to bring in more cooks (human capital) to again increase production efficiency and output.The same holds authorized for capital markets and the economy.

How Did You Respond to a Challenge of Your Values? :: MBA College Admissions Essays

How Did You Respond to a Challenge of Your Values? One has to understand sub-continental culture regarding marriage in order to understand this particular crisis. Marriages are class into two groups settled marriage and affair marriage. In a settled marriage, the grooms family chooses the bride, and if brides family accepts the groom, the two families get together and fix the marriage. The bride and the groom may or may not meet distributively other before the marriage. In an affair marriage, two persons fall in love and get married, with or without the permission of their families. This is considered a social crime, and the newlyweds are forced to conduce their families. After I came back from the US, I met my sweetheart who was attending medical school. We courted each other for years, and when she graduated we figured it was time to marry. I asked my family to select the char of my choice so as to marry the woman I love without upsetting social norms. When my mother propos ed my fiances family, her mother wanted to see me personally. I fabricated she would consider me a suitable candidate for her daughters husband since I come from a good family and since I am qualified to maintain a family. However, preferably than looking for qualities in me that might make her daughter happy, she demanded that I posses an MBA degree before I marry her daughter. Apparently, all of her relatives and friends daughters got married to either MBAs or Ph.D.s. I was dumbfounded. I would have gladly given the moon to her daughter, but I was not about to earn an MBA to satisfy this womans irrational craving.

What are the differences between the Indian religion and Catholicism? :: social issues

What are the differences between the Indian religion and universality?When the settlers beginning(a) came to America they were meet by the Indians. Once the settlers were able to make it on there own, they no longer needed Indian help. Then they began to try to wobble the ways of the Indian. One of the aspects that the settlers spent much time on trying to change of the Indians was there religion. One of the main religions that the Indians were forced to try to convert to was that of Cathoilism. many another(prenominal) attempts were made to change the Indians ways and convert them, but to understand why they were trying to convert them one should know the differences between the religions of that of the Indians and of the Catholics. One of the biggest differences is that of individual recitation by that of the Indians. Compared to the structured ways of the Catholics. There is first the two different types of ceremonies that go on in the two religions. In Catholicism you have th e weekly event of going to mass. Every Sunday a practicing Catholic is supposed to go to mass. Next to repent for ones sins you may go to penance or too known as reconciliation. Those are the main ceremonies that you have for Catholicism. In the Indian religion you have the Sweats. When Professor Anderson came to class to speak of the Crow Indians, he spoke of the different sweats that he had been invited to take part in. It seemed very interesting that he, a white man, was able to take part in a rite that has been around for hundreds of years in the Indian religion. When he talked about them he spoke of the welcomes that he received from the Indians. He said that every sweat was different, no(prenominal) being the same. Everyone asks for a different thing, hence is the individual interpretation. In Catholicism you have the same ceremonies year in and year out. Next there is the major difference in scriptures that are read. In Catholicism there is one book, I am sure that we a ll have heard of it, the Bible. In Catholicism it is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is made up of scriptures before the coming of Jesus. The New Testament is made up of scriptures written up after the coming of Jesus.

What are the differences between the Indian religion and Catholicism? :: social issues

What are the differences between the Indian religion and Catholicism?When the settlers first came to America they were happen upon by the Indians. Once the settlers were able to make it on there own, they no longer needed Indian help. Then they began to try to flip-flop the ways of the Indian. one and only(a) of the aspects that the settlers spent much time on trying to change of the Indians was there religion. One of the main religions that the Indians were forced to try to convert to was that of Cathoilism. Many attempts were made to change the Indians ways and convert them, but to understand why they were trying to convert them one should know the differences between the religions of that of the Indians and of the Catholics. One of the biggest differences is that of individual interpretation by that of the Indians. Compared to the structured ways of the Catholics. There is first the two different types of ceremonies that go on in the two religions. In Catholicism you have the weekly event of red to mass. Every Sunday a practicing Catholic is supposed to go to mass. Next to repent for ones sins you may go to penance or also known as reconciliation. Those are the main ceremonies that you have for Catholicism. In the Indian religion you have the Sweats. When Professor Anderson came to class to speak of the Crow Indians, he spoke of the different perspire that he had been invited to take part in. It seemed very interesting that he, a white man, was able to take part in a ritual that has been around for hundreds of days in the Indian religion. When he talked about them he spoke of the welcomes that he received from the Indians. He said that every sweat was different, none being the same. Everyone asks for a different thing, hence is the individual interpretation. In Catholicism you have the same ceremonies year in and year out. Next there is the major difference in scriptures that are read. In Catholicism there is one book, I am sure that we all have heard of it, the Bible. In Catholicism it is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is made up of scriptures before the coming of Jesus. The New Testament is made up of scriptures written up after the coming of Jesus.

Development of Tourism in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean, also often called the The Pearl of the Indian Ocean. Tourism in Sri Lanka has had its ups and downs. such things like the civil war is now over, alone for the past thirty years that the war was ongoing, a lot of people feared to travel to Sri Lanka and the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami . But despite all these events, the tourism in Sri Lanka is still one of the major profit generating industries. Sri Lanka may be a small island, but it has a lot to offer. From its beautiful beaches, to their exotic foods and divers(a) cultural heritage.The tropical weather in Sri Lanka is all year round except for the monsoon season which unre look intoably ranges from mid-year to the end of the year. Foreigners visit often to be in the warm weather. Sri Lanka has so many beautiful beaches that are still untouched and not commercialized. Over one-half a million tourists came to Sri Lanka in 2006. Other up and coming tourist attractions are preci ous stone mining in Ratnapura, The Gem City as it is known and also ecotourism. Travelers today like the idea of travelling while also doing their part to help preserve the environment.Buddhism has the biggest influence in molding Sri Lankas diverse cultural heritage and also a big factor in drawing in the crowds to Sri Lanka. From temples, relics, religious landmarks and Ayurveda. Sri Lanka has started its campaign on ecotourism and spa-like ayurvedic treatments, banking on the diverse flora and fauna found there. No matter what natural disaster or civil war comes upon Sri Lanka, its beauty and purity have made its mark on the world. There is no doubt that Sri Lankan tourism today is expected to reap the benefits after thirty years of struggle and the tragic tsunami, with hope and glossy prospects on the horizon.

Motivation

Describe, comp argon and contrast one process and one pith scheme of motif. Evaluate how appropriate they are for organisations today. motive is the desire or willingness of manybody to do something. Craig C. Pinder (1998) defined take form motive as a set of internal and external forces that initiate work related demeanor and determine its form, direction, potency and duration. pauperization plays an important role in a business environment, as employee motivation is believed to improved work feat.Discussed in this essay are two types of motivation theories Content theory which tries to identify specific needs that motivate people and Process theories which is based on developing models relating needs, motives and behaviour. In this essay, I aim to asses content and process theories correspondly Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs surmisal and Stacey Adams Equity Theory comparing these theories and proudlighting any assumptions, strengths, weakness, positives and nega tives individually and comparatively to be sufficient to come to a deprecative consequence as to whether these theories are suitable for organisations today.My content theory is based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory, publish in 1943 by Abraham Maslow. His hypothesis was that human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies as quoted in his publication of A Theory of Human Motivation in 1943 (p. 370). In hierarchical order physiological needs which entails food, water, shelter and warmth. Safety needs refers to security, stability and freedom from fear. neighborly needs include the need for lovingness and friendships. Esteem needs refers to ego needs, recognition and respect.Finally, Self-actualisation, realisation of ones full potential becoming everything that one is capable of becoming. When one set of needs is satisfied, it ceases to be a motivating factor. Thereafter the next set of needs in the power structure order takes places, (Maslow, 1943) this continually occurs until the assumption of self-actualisation is satisfied, as Maslow stated, a satisfied need is no longer a motivator. Equity Theory, a process theory first proposed by Stacey Adams in 1963 ocuses on peoples feelings on how fairly they baffle a bun in the oven been portion outed in comparison with the treatment received by some others. It is based on exchange theory (Homans 1961) undergoing an exchange process, which involve inputs and outcomes. In Social conduct its Elementary Forms by George C. Homans he created the rule of Distributive Justice a man in exchange relation with another will expect that the recompense of each man be proportional to his costs the greater the investments, the greater the profit, (Homans 1961 p. 75).Numerous business environments present inequality, however, the acknowledgement of inequality will motivate an individual to strike or eradicate the inequality. These two theories illustrate a race in terms of how they motivate individuals by fulfill ing a need that affects them both mentally and physically for example, Maslows theory notifys you will be motivated to the next higher take of needs if the previous take aim is fulfilled satisfactorily, if this is not met, work mathematical operation will deteriorate and affect individuals mentally or physically as they cannot advance to the next direct.As well as, Adams Equity Theory Work on Walster, Berscheid and Walster, 1973 was c everyplace by Kingsley, Catherine, Park, Hee Sun and Lee, Hye Eun (2007) where they suggested mathematically, justness theory predicts that people will be uncomfortable in relationships in which their own ratio of inputs to outcomes is not equivalent to the other partys ratio of inputs to outcomes, in other words, this discomfort can lead to further enthusiasm to reach the next goal or growth input to ultimately increase outcomes to reach satisfaction and eliminate the discomfort.Further more(prenominal), research has proved that both theories o f Maslow and Adams can result in consequential behaviour if their needs are unable to be satisfied. For instance, Maslows theory states at that place are five stages of the hierarchy, considering psychological needs are most important, in having a healthy work relationship, if this is not fulfilled, individuals major power resort to criminal activities to satisfy that need in order to survive.Similarly, evidence from research highlight that thither are negative ways in which workers can redress inequality As seen in organisational behaviour and Work, Wilson, Fiona M, (2010), it highlights the ways in which individuals act negatively towards shabbiness underpayment leads to let down job performance (Prichard et al. , 1972 Lord and Hohenfeld, 1979). Another form of reaction to underpayment is disruptive, deviant behaviour, such as vandalism and theft (Hollinger and Clark, 1983). Theft might be seen as a means to replenish feelings of underpayment inequity.The Hawthrone Studies cond ucted by Elton Mayo between 1924 and 1932, showed that employees are not just motivated by the money, outcomes, but their attitudes, needs as well. Initiating the human relations approach to management and the needs and motivation of employees was the primary concentre of managers. In short, both Maslow and Adams theories can be considered Equity theories of motivation. In some way, Equity Theory may seem more relatable to organisations today globally, as equity is part of the human rights laws, as compared to Maslows theory.Maslows theory is unmasked as ethnocentric by Geert Hofstede (1984), he stated, in that location are cultural limitations in the study of this theory conducted by Haire, Ghiselli and Porter (1966) where Haire et al, cogitate the only nationality group that enjoin their need importance almost, and their need satisfaction exactly, in the Maslow order was the U. S. managers. The other nationalities showed more or little deviant patterns. Hoftsede argues that M aslows theory is based on an individualistic society seeking self-actualisation as their most important goal/need.However, in leftist societies such as kina seeking harmony or family support or job satisfaction, which are not represented in the hierarchy of needs, are seen as their necessary goals. Nevis (1983) study emphasises that Maslows Hierarchy is not relatable to Chinese gloss. His main observations were that there was a difference in the cultures in terms of belonging Individualistic society as opposed to collectivist societies seeks belonging, whereas collectivist societies basic needs only emerge after they have satisfied their need to belong.This indicates Maslows theory is not appropriate to all cultures, however, there is a predominant relationship illustrating the need for equity in business environments. Empirical support for Maslows Theory is lacking (Murcell 1976), Maslow himself admitted in 1962 my motivation theory was produce 20 years ago nobody repeated it, t ested it, or really analysed or criticized it. Lowry (1982 63). Another criticism discussed (McLeod 2007) concerning the assumption that the lower needs essential be satisfied before a mortal can achieve their full potential and self-actualise.McLeod (2007) argues that this is not always the case, and therefore the theory is falsified. Many yeasty people such as authors, musicians and artists have exhibited self-actualisation without meeting the lower needs. Van Gogh, who was poor and considered by many psychotic Rembrandt, who had no food or volume of the basic psychological needs Toulouse Lautrec, whose body tormented him were all engaged in some form of self actualisation. Perhaps the development of uniqueness and creative thinking in meeting some of the levels, in someway compensates for the lack of having the basics.It is sensible however to state that some people aim for self actualisation rase when their physiological needs or lower needs are not fully met. Moreover, M aslow defined self-actualisers as people of great accomplishment such as dignitaries and presidents. This statement makes it complex to understand the concept of self-actualisation. In fact, Muchinsky (1993) states that Maslows theory is more philosophical than empirical, which means it is complicated to test.The only way to do so is to say that all people are at divergent stages of development, and all of them are self actualisers in some form, Poston (2009). Another weakness is the arrangement of hierarchy Bellot & Tutor (1990) argue that the arrangement does not apply to organisations today and modern society. They conclude that self actualisation is a proponent need for self-confidence implying self- heed would follow only after self- actualisation, which is clearly not illustrated in the Maslows theory model.Equity Theory can be assessed into four basic propositions according to Huseman, Hatfield and Miles (1987). One of the propositions being Individuals develop their per ception of fairness by calculating a ratio of their inputs and outcomes and then comparing this to the ratios of others (Huseman, et al. , 1987). Noticeably some inputs and outcomes are intangible, in the sense that they cannot be measured or quantified such as Inputs screw, knowledge, ability, qualifications and ambition of the individual (Cory, 2006) and outcomes recognition or job security.This makes coming to a suitable conclusion for an individuals input and outcomes ratios more difficult as these concepts are intangible, meaning it is difficult to define or understand, as it is vague and abstract a concept. Another proposition suggests that as the difference in inequity increase, the tension and distress felt by individuals will increase (Huseman, et al. , 1987). However, not every person will experience equity or inequity in the same way because people have varying tolerance levels for sensitivity to perceived situations of inequity.Huseman et al. , suggest that there are th ree types of individuals on an Equity Sensitivity Spectrum Benevolent (more tolerant of under-reward), Equity Sennsitives (follow the norm of equity theory) and Entitled (prefer over-reward situations)(Huseman, et al. , 1987). In my earlier statements virtually Wilson, Fiona M, (2010) work that highlights the ways in which individuals act negatively towards inequity may be narrowed down using this spectrum, unlike the generic idea that underpayment leads to lowered job performance (Prichard et al. 1972 Lord and Hohenfeld, 1979). Using the spectrum, Benevolents, will experience distress and guilt if they are in a situation of over-reward. Equity Sensitives, will experience distress when faced with either type of inequity and Entitleds, experience distress when in an equitable or under reward situation. This structure is useful for addressing and thought equity theory and individuals behaviour. However, need slight to say this is just a broad spectrum. The Equity Sensitivity Spectru m does not ac weigh for all individual differences in preferences and behaviour.Individuals might show different equity sensitivities in different contexts (Huseman, et al. , 1987). For instance an individual might be Equity Sensitive in their relationships, favouring an equitable balance. Conversely, they might be an Entitled in business environments and are open to the idea of over-reward. Equity theory in a business environment is said to be less damaging if employees are given a voice, respect and feeling of belonging in a workplace. People feel affirmed if the procedures that are adopted treat hem with respect and dignity, making it easier to accept outcomes they do not like, Deutsch, 2000, p. 45). Skarlicki and Folger (1997) found that employees that are treated with respect are more likely to tolerate raw pay. The perception of inequity is more likely to be tolerated if employees feel comfortable, belong and are respected by their employer. This further anticipates detrime ntal behaviour an employee is likely to illustrate, if uncompensated for the inequity at work such as reciteer-productivity work.These intangible concepts such as respect help maintain or increase motivation and prevent problems that arise from under-reward. ethnic differences influence the equity theory (Fadil, Williams, Limpaphayom, and Smatt, 2005). Research shown on Eastern culture illustrate that, equality as opposed to equity was favourite(a) (Leung and Bond, 1982, 1984 Leung and Park, 1986 Mahler, Greenberg and Hayashi, 1981 as cited in Fadil et al. , 2005). Eastern cultural shows that rewards will be given out equally to all those involved in the groups performance regardless of individual inputs or in-person efforts (Fadil, et al. 2005). This is probably as a result of primary sector being the most occupied sector in these cultures. Equality as opposed to Equity is a good ideology that will benefit the equity theory significantly. The business climate today allows Maslo w and Adams theory to be applied, although to a limiting degree. Undoubtedly, both theories have shown weakness, strengths and assumptions, which I have explored widely. Today, Maslows model is relatable because people do seek to achieve psychological, safety, social and esteem needs, and to discover the realm of self-actualisation.However, as discussed, Maslows theory is a very individualistic model that does not relate globally, in collectivist societies. Thus, proving that Maslows theory may not be appropriate to business environments globally, which practice collectivism such as China. Alternatively, Adams theory is more fitting for business environments globally in the present and certainly in the future as equity is seen as a necessity of human rights. Finally, one of the difficulties in motivating workers is that they, all are ifferent and react differently to the same kind of change or action. (Haleopota, 2005) once this concept is understood, it is much easier to regard the se theories individually, monitoring the effects on an individual over short and prolonged periods of time. These theories discussed are outdated and difficult to empirically test, even though they have been published for years now. Businesses evolve over the years and structures eject as time goes along. Needless to say, some aspects of these theories are relatable today but are quickly diminishing.It is essential to remember the concept of motivation is somewhat abstract, different strategies produce different results at different times, and there is no single strategy that can produce guaranteed favourable results all the time. (Halepota, 2005). Bibliography List of references Bellott, F. K. , & Tutor, F. D. (1990). A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom of Herzberg and Maslow Theories, Paper presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association. freshly Orleans, LA Berscheid, E. , Walster, G. , & Hatfield Walster, E. 1978, Equity Th eory & Research, Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Brain, C 2002, Advanced Psychology Applications, Issues & Perspectives, Nelson Thrones, Cheltenham. p 131-132. Cory, C. , 2006, Equity theory and employee motivation, Buzzle, retrieved from http//www. buzzle. com/editorials/6-24-2006-100325 Deutsch, M. , 2000, Justice and conflict, In M. Deutsch and P. T Coleman (Eds), the Handbook of conflict reply theory and practice, San Francisco Jossey- Bass Inc. Publishers. Eisenhardt, K. M. , The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Jan. , 1989), pp. 57-74Fadil, P. A. , Williams, R. J. , Limpaphayom, W. , & Smatt, C. , 2005, Equity and Equality? A Conceptual Examination of the Influence of Individualism/ communism on the Cross-cultural Application of Equity Theory, Cross Cultural Management, 12 (4), 17-36 Geare, A 1977, Wage Payment Systems, Methuen, New Zealand. P 80 Greenberg, J. , 1988, Equity and work Status a Field Experiment, Journal of utilise Psychology, 4, 606-613 Greenberg , J. , 1990, Employee Theft as a Reaction to Underpayment Inequity The Hidden Cost of pay cuts, Journal of Applied Psychology, 5, 561-563Halepota, H. A. 2005 A Motivational Theories and Their Application in Construction, Cost Engineering Vol. 47/No. 3 March, 2005, p. 14. Hallez, T. , Ball, B. , 2010, Stacey Adams Equity Theory, Your Coach, Accessed 12th November 2012, Source from http//http//www. yourcoach. be/en/employee-motivation-theories/stacey-adams-equity-theory. php Hofstede, G. , 1984, The Cultural relativity of the Quality of Life Concept, Academy of Management Review Vol. 9 issue. 3 p. 389-39 Hollinger, R. C. , & Clark, J. P. 1983, Deterrence in the workplace Perceived Certainty, Perceived Severity, and Employee Theft. Social Forces, 5, 561-568 Huseman, R. C. , Hatfield, J. D. , and Miles, E. W. , Lawler, E. 1968, Equity theory as a predictor of productivity and work quality, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 70, pp. 598-610 Maslow, A 1970, Motivation and Personality, 3rd e d. , Harper amp Row, New York. Chapter 2 p. 15-31. Huseman, R. C. , Hatfield, J. D. , Miles, E. W. , 1987, The Academy of Management Review, Vol 12(2), p. 222-234 Maslow, Abraham H. , Lowry, Richard J. 1940-, Maslow, Bertha G, Freedman, Jonathan L. , and International Study Project The journals of Abraham Maslow. Lewis Pub. Co, Lexington, Mass, 1982. McLeod, S 2007, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Simple Psychology, Accessed 11th November 2012, Source from http//http//www. simplypsychology. org/maslow. html Muchinsky, P. M. , 1993, Psychology applied to work An introduction to industrial and organisational psychology, 4th edition, Brooks/Cole (Pacific Grove, Calif. ), p. 584 Oleson, M. , Exploring the Relationship between Money Attitudes and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 83-92, January 2004. Pinder, C. C. 1998. Work motivation in organizational behaviour. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall Poston, B 2009, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, An Exercise in Personal Explorations, Association of Surgical Technologists, p. 347-353 Pritchard, R. , 1969, Equity theory A polish up and critique, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, vol. 4, issue 2, pp. 176-211 REDMOND, B 2009, Equity Theory,The Pennsylvania State University, PSYCH 484 Work Attitudes and Job Motivation, pp. -16 Rakowski, N 2011, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Model the dissimilarity of the Chinese and the Western Pyramid on the Example of Purchasing Luxurious Products, GRIN Verlag. Shapiro, D. , Steers, R. M. , amp Mowday, R 2004, INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL TOPIC FORUM THE forthcoming OF WORK MOTIVATION THEORY, The Academy of Management Review, vol. 29 issue 3, pp. 379-387 The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr. , 1987), pp. 222-234 Trevino, A. Javier (2009) George C. Homans, the human group and elementary social behaviour, the encyclopedia of informal education, p. Www. infed. org/thinkers/george_homans. htm WAHBA, M. , amp BRID WELL, L. , 1976, Maslow Reconsidered A Review of Research on the Need Hierarchy Theory, ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE, vol. 15, pp. 212-240 Westerman, C. , Park, H-S. , amp lee, H-E. , 2007, A Test of equity theory in multidimensional friendships a comparison of the United States and Korea. Journal of Communication, 57, 576-598 Wilson, Fiona M (2010) Chapter 6 Motivation. Organizational behaviour and work a critical introduction, (pp. 123-142) Oxford Oxford University PressMotivationThis paper presents the findings with regards to the motivation levels of Officers in the Defense Sector under several parameters. The Indian Army serves as the ultimate instrument for maintaining the angiotensin converting enzyme and the integrity of the nation in the face of external threats and internal unrest and disturbances. Teamwork breeds comradeship which, in turn, leads to pride in belonging to a team and fosters esprit De corps. Motivation thrives on a continuing sense of purp ose and it is the Job of the operateer to instill this purpose.Skill in the techniques of lead is the foremost quality in the art of command and contributes very largely to success at all levels of war. The basic structure and motivational ethos of the armed forces in general and the Indian Army in particular, has remained grow in the colonial context. The entire priming of military motivation has been focused slightly the Zeta/ honor and martial traditions of the sub-nationality based Regiment. The pride in the Guam (substantiation) has been the primary basis of the military motivational ideology. The history and achievements of the Guam have used to inspire the older.The Indian National Army (NINA) of Subtask Chancre Bose provided a readmes model for the Indian context. It had tried to apply the German and Japanese techniques of military motivation to the Indian context with considerable success. The relation between employee motivation level (dependent variable) with the ext ent of leadership behavior, organizational culture, team spirit, ad hominem force and effect of monetary motivators (independent variables), as reflected through analysis of data by using Crossbar and Chi-square method is presented as follows 6. Extent of lead Behavior * level of Employee Motivation Table 6. Crossbar of Extent of Leadership Behavior * aim of Motivation in Defense Crossbar aim of Employee Motivation Low Medium High come Autocratic Count 23 11 0 34 % within Extent of Leadership Behavior 67. 6% 32. 4% 100. 0% Participative Count 6 64 9 79 7. 6% 81. 0% 11. 4% 100. 0% count 18 1937 Extent of Leadership Behavior Charismatic 48. 6% 51 100. 0% Total count 2993 28 one hundred fifty 19. 3% 62. 0% 18. 7% 100. 0% Table 6. 2 Chi form of Extent of Leadership Behavior * Level of Motivation Chi- full-blooded Tests Value UDF Assam. Gigs. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 94. AAA 4 . 000 Likelihood Ratio 87. 164 4 .OHO Linear-by-Linear Association 65. 070 1 . 000 N of Valid Ca ses 150 a. O cells (. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The borderline expected count is 6. 35. 124 Fig. 6. 1 Graph for Extent of Leadership Behavior * Level of Employee Motivation Table 6. 1 presents the information related to the extent of leadership behavior and level of motivation of the employees. It is evident that 81% of the employees falling in participative leadership behavior have a medium level of motivation, whereas in al other leadership behavior categories, around 41% of the employees have medium level of motivation.Autocratic leadership style and behavior has sizeable 68% respondents in low level of motivation, whereas the relative division of participative and charismatic leadership behavior is much less. Hence, it seems that as the close-control leadership behavior is increasing, the level of employee motivation is decreasing. To test this association between extent of leadership behavior and level of employee motivation, Chi Square test (Table 6. 2) has been s eed, Here, the vain hypotheses is that there is no relationship between leadership behavior and level of employee motivation.A high Chi Square value, I. E. 94. 085 confirms this relationship. Asymptotic significance value has been 0. 000, which shows that the relationship is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Thus, the null hypotheses, stating no relationship between leadership behavior and level of employee motivation stands rejected. Hence, it may be concluded that leadership behavior plays a significant role in employee motivation. As the close control of dervish behavior increases, the level of employee motivation tends to decrease. 6. Organizational Culture * Level of Employee Motivation Table 6. 3 Crossbar of Organizational Culture * Level of Motivation Crossbar Level of Employee Less count 2429 1 54 Conducive % within Organizational Culture 44. 4% 53. 7% 1. 9% 100. 0% Moderately count 5 37 7 49 10. 2% 75. 5% 14. 3% 100. 0% count 0 27 20 47 Organizational Culture Highly 57. 4% 42. 6% 100. 0% % within 19. 3% 62. 0% 18. 7% 100. 06 Table 6. 4 Chi Square of Organizational Culture * Level of Motivation Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square 54. 60AAAikelihood Ratio 60. 297 4 .OOOHOinear-by-Linear Association 47. 912 1 . 000 a. O cells (. 0%) have expected c oumountess than 5. The minimum expected count is 8. 77. Fig. 6. 2 Graph for Organizational Culture * Level of Employee Motivation Table 6. 3 presents the information related to the organizational culture and level of motivation of the employees. It is evident that 76% of the employees falling in fairly conducive organization culture have a medium level of motivation, whereas in all other organizational culture categories, around 55% of the employees have medium level of motivation.Less conducive organizational culture has sizeable 44% respondents in low level of motivation, whereas the relative percentage of moderately and highly conducive organization culture is much less. Hence, it see ms that with more conducive organization culture, the level of employee motivation is increasing. To test this association between organizational culture and level of employee motivation, Chi Square test (Table 6. 4) has been used, Here, the null hypotheses is that there is no relationship between organizational culture and level of employee motivation.A moderately high Chi Square value, i.I. 54. 060 confirms this relationship. AsAsymptoticignificance value has been 0. 000, which shows that the relationship is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Thus, the null hypotheses, stating no relationship between organizational culture and level of employee motivation stands rejected. Hence, it may be concluded that organizational culture plays a significant role in employee motivation. With more conducive organization culture, the level of employee motivation is increasing. 6. 3 Team tactual sensation * Table 6. CrCrossbarf Team nature * Level of Motivation LOW count 24 24 0 48 within -ream spirit 50. 0% 50. 0% 100. 0% Moderate count 5 48 5 58 % within -ream spirit 8. 6% 82. 8% 8. 6% 100. 0% count 0 21 2344 Team Spirit High % within -ream spspent7. 7% 52. 3% 100. 0% % within -ream spirit 19. 3% 62. 0% 18. 7% 100. 0% Table 6. 6 Chi Square of Team Spirit * Level of Motivation Chi-Square Tests Pearson Chi-Square 80. 60AAAikelihood Ratio 83. 585 4 . OOOHOinear-by-Linear Association 62. 774 1 . 000 a. O cells (. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8. 21 . 129 Fig. 6. Graph for Team Spirit * Level of Employee Motivation Table 6. prPresentshe information related to the team spirit and level of motivation of the employees. It is evident that 83% of the employees having moderate team spirit have a medium level of motivation, whereas in all other team spirit categories, around 49% of the employees have medium level of motivation. Low team spirit has sizeable 50% respondents in low level of motivation, whereas the relative per centage of high team spirit is much less. Hence, it seems that as the team spirit is increasing, the level of employee motivation is increasing.To test this association between team piprintnd level of employee motivation, Chi Square test (Table 6. 6) has been used, Here, the null hypotheses is that there is no relationship between team spirit and level of employee motivation. A high Chi Square value, i.Ie.E80. 607 confirms this hypotheses, stating no relationship between team spirit and level of employee motivation stands rejected. Hence, it may be concluded that team spirit plays a significant role in employee motivation. As the team spirit of employee increases, the level of motivation tends to increase. 6. 4 Personal Effectiveness * Level of Employee Table 6. CrCrossbarf Personal Effectiveness * Level of Motivation CrCrossbarOW count 1260 18 % within Personal Effectiveness 66. 7% 33. 3% 100. 0% Medium count 14 564 74 18. 9% 75. 7% 5. 4% 100. 0% count 3 31 2458 Personal 5. 2% 53. 4% 41 100. 0% 19. 3% 62. 0% 18. 7% 100. 01 Table 6. 8 Chi Square of Personal Effectiveness * Level of Motivation Chi-Square Pearson Chi-Square 58. 544aAAAelihood Ratio 55. 162 4 . OOO OHOear-by-Linear Association 44. 284 1 . 000 a. 2 cells (22. 2%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3. 36. Fig. 6. 4 Graph for Personal Effectiveness * Level of Employee Motivation Table . presPresents information related to the in the flesh(predicate) effectiveness and level of motivation of the employees. It is evident that 76% of the employees having medium personal effectiveness have a medium level of motivation, whereas in all other personal effectiveness categories, around 43% of the employees have medium level of motivation. Low personal effectiveness has sizeable 67% respondents in low level of motivation, whereas the relative percentage of high personal effectiveness is much less. Hence, it seems that as the personal effectiveness is increasing, the level f employe e motivation is increasing moderately.To test this association between personal effectiveness and level of employee motivation, Chi Square test (Table 6. 8) has been used, Here, the null hypotheses is that there is no relationship between personal effectiveness and level of employee motivation. A moderately high Chi Square value, i. eI 5E. 544 confirms this relationship. AsymAsymptoticnificance value has been 0. 000, which shows that the relationship is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Thus, the null hypotheses, stating no relationship between personal ffeceffectiveness level of employee motivation stands rejected.Hence, it may be concluded that personal effectiveness plays a significant role in employee motivation. As the personal effectiveness of employee increases, the level of motivation tends to increase moderately. 6. 5 Effect of Financial Motivators * Level of Employee Motivation Table 6. 9 CrosCrossbarEffect of Financial Motivators * Level of Motivation CrosCrossbar count 10 27 1047 Affected % within Effect of Financial Motivators 21 57. 4% 21 100. 0% count 1966 18 103 Effect of Financial 18. 4% 64. 1% 17. 5% 100. 0% Table 6. 0 Chi Square of Effect of Financial Motivators * Level of Motivation Pearson Chi-Square . 12a AAA 736 Likelihood Ratio . 608 2 . 738 Linear-by-Linear Association . 008 1 . 929 a. O cells (. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8. 77. Fig. 6. 5 Graph for Effect of Financial Motivators * Level of Employee Motivation Table 6. 9 presents the information related to the effect of financial motivators and level of motivation of the employees. It is evident that 64% of the employees affected by financial motivators have a medium level of motivation, whereas those unaffected by inanuncialivators, i. eI aEouAround of the employees have medium level of motivation.Of the employees affected as well as not affected by financial motivators, sizeable 20% respondents have low level of motivation. Hence, it seems that there is no much variation in motivation level of the employees affected by financial motivators and the ones not affected by financial motivators. To test this association between effect of financial motivators and level of employee motivation, Chi Square test (Table 6. 10) has been used, Here, the null hypotheses is that there is no elatlegislationween financial motivators and level of employee motivation.A low Chi Square value, i. eI 0E 612 confirms this non-relationship. AsymAsymptoticnificance value has been 0. 736, which shows that the relationship is statistically insignificant at 5% level of significance. Thus, the null hypotheses, stating no relationship between financial motivators and level of employee motivation stands accepted. Hence, it may be concluded that financial motivators have no significant effect on employee motivation. Hence, there is no relationship between financial motivators and level of employee motivation.

Internal Accountant’s Report to Management Essay

IntroductionSince our company is preparing for an upcoming government contract bid, management has decided that a full Financial experimental condition Review (FSR) prior to the release of the bid is essential. This report is to provide supporting information prior to the bid in order to evaluate if any irregularities with study to fraud and/or corrupt of the company possess taken place and if so, to what instal. The report is divided into four sections, which will cover information on the effect of potential occupational fraud and abuse on the company. It will also discuss U.S. government oversight of accounting fraud and abuse and its effect on the company. Section three will provide potential corruption schemes to be aware of in the company. Finally, some(prenominal) recommendations will be given of types of accounting say and methods of gathering read to support the FSR and to provide tenable assurance that no irregularities have occurred.Occupational fraud and abuse tal ly to 2009 Global Fraud keep up organizations lose about 5% of its gross revenues to all forms of fraud and abuse in the workplace. Moreover, having to report fraud is very unhealthy for the company and its stakeholders. It can expiration in some negative effects like remunerations and salaries, employee base, employee benefits, but also morale and profits. Also occupational frauds and abuses usually have an adverse effect on the reputation of the company. In case of a very significant fraud it may even lead to bankruptcy.U.S. governmental oversight of accounting fraud and abuseThere have been many significant accounting scandals, like Enron, Computer Associates, Xerox, Adelphia, WorldCom and Royal Ahold, that have had extensive press coverage and, despite the fact that some of them are already some years in the past, they are still be discussed. Since then many new, different and strict accounting regulations and rules have been created in order to prevent or defer fraud, abuse or waste. Many of the frauds were with regard to revenue recognition, which has led to many improvements by now. Noticeable changes have been do in the way firms from particular industries book revenues as a result of the heightened SEC scrutiny of revenue accounting companies have become more hidebound when it comes to the timing of the revenue recognition.Particularly many Internet companies have reduced the total amount of the revenue being recognized compared to the situation before the heightened scrutiny. According to a survey in FORBES, less fraud cases have been reported recently. Enforcement cases and prosecutions over the last decade were very well publicized which had a controlling effect on the attitude of many companies senior management. Also it is said that governments enforcement efforts have had a deterring effect. Moreover, additional requirements imposed by Sarbanes-Oxley take on (SOX) made senior executives more concerned about the financial results reported and on which they have to sign off. It is clear that the US financial reporting surroundings has changed and based on the positive current events, constantly improving reporting requirements, rules and regulations, even greater changes are expected in the future.Corruption schemesCorruption has alas been a very common phenomenon in the work environment throughout the years. It is defined as an intent to gain particular ain advantage at the cost of organization he/she represents. Corruption schemes are usually divided into 4 main categories* Bribery and Kickbacks* Commercial bribery is the offering, giving, receiving or soliciting of anything of value to forge the outcome of a course transaction* It usually involves the submission of invoices that are overpriced or fictitious* Is usually undertaken by employees such as buying agents* Economic Extortion* Money extortion from a potential purchaser or supplier* Example a corrupt purchasing officer demanding a payment in exchange to make a decision in the vendors favor* Conflicts of Interest* The situation occurs when an employee, manager or executive has an undisclosed personal or economic interest (with a negative effect on the company)* For example, the victim organization is non informed that its employees have divided royalties* This scheme includes the elbow grease of the insiders influence to the detriment of the entity* Illegal Gratuities* This type of scheme is similar to bribery schemes. The only difference is that there is an intent to reward a business decision, rather than influence it * A common example is when purchasing agents are promised expensive vacations, etc. after a vendors contact is sanctionAccounting evidence and evidence gathering methodsGathering accounting evidence is a very common activity in auditing. Accounting evidence is being collected using investigative and auditing practices. For investigations, this is the evidence that lawyers and government officials can rely on for very important and high profile cases. For more routine reviews as the FSR prior to the bid, it is the type of evidence that we can rely on to give reasonable assurance that no irregularities have occurred. In both situations, the accounting evidence should be based on the following important qualities* Relevance* Materiality* CompetencyThe types of accounting evidence we are referring to include* Physical evidence* Third-party representations* objective evidence* Computations* Data Interrelationships* Client representations* Accounting RecordsSince this is a FSR and not an investigative procedure, I recommend the following auditing methods to gather evidence that will provide reasonable assurance that no irregularities have occurred and that our financial statements are relevant and have been compiled in a competent manner and contain no material misstatements * obligingness testing to ensure that we have an adequate internal control system and that it is working effectively an adequate level of transaction testing will have to be performed to provide this assurance* Substantive testing a. Test of detail for the purpose of the FSR I recommend these only when and where the internal control system does not provide the assurance we desire b. Analytical testing I recommend these to provide further assurance that our financial statements adequately reflect the financial condition of our companyReferencesWells, J. (2011). Principles of fraud examination (3rd ed). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. Singleton, T. W., Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud auditing and forensic accounting. (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Online Sourcehttp//safeside.ch/safeside.info/index.php/fraud-schemes/corruption/224-corruption-schemes-

Taking Care of Our Elderly

Davis 1 E. Diana Davis ENGL 2010 Professor Asplund 21st September 2012 The Responsibility of Taking Care of Our Elders My grandmother knows a lot about how it feels to be left in a house alone, waiting for person to assist her to just get out of bed. This Saturday morning I decided to go visit her while my gramps was at dialysis. She was surprised to hear my theatrical role as she turned her head over my way and smiled. I could hear the sound of relief in her voice just knowing her granddaughter was here to see about her.My grandmother has been blind since March 2012 she is a diabetic that has had an eye surgery to assistant repair a detached retina that is still healing. In the meanwhile shes been dealing with paralysis on her right side from a stroke she suffered over twenty geezerhood ago, and its really taken a toll on her health. As I sat down beside her with a pen and paper I told her I wanted to get her point of view on how she feels about being an gray person in this ha rd economy. I needed to know if they were capable to cover all their needs on a fixed income. Did she really feel like her and my grandfathers needs were really being met?As she began to tell me about her fears Davis 2 And concerns my heart sunk and I thought to myself, pretend we really failed to live up to the obligations of taking dole out of our elders. As she r in her little sweet tone, she made me aware of how hard it is to do simple things like taking a shower, cooking and even going to the gadget is a hard task to do these days. She said I feel like everyone is too busy to play a hand, and me and your grandfather dont want to be a burden on you all. I thought to myself as her granddaughter, was I even doing enough?Was the duty of taking care of our elderly been overlooked, or was it being passed down to the few faithful people who were getting burnt out on the responsibility? My grandparents as parents bared the moral, legal, and ethical responsibilities to care for th eir children. However, now that my grandparents have reached an age where they can no longer look after themselves, the duties of their adult children to support them is less clear. It is therefore only fair to verify now that their children are grown up and now their parents have become elderly, they should take up the responsibility to provide a decent life for their parents.While it is not a legal obligation, it is a moral obligation and its time to pay forward what is owed to our parents/grandparents. Its our responsibility to help any family member in need. Our family has raised us and helped to survive in this uncertain economy, so why shouldnt we help out when our parents and grandparents reach an age where they need our assistance? Davis 3 however one out of in five people takes the needed steps to prepare legally and financially for taking care of an incapacitated parent. Consider this production line between expectations and reality Only 13 percent of some 4,000 U.S. wo rkers surveyed for the 2011 (Aflac Work Forces Report) believe that the need for long-term care would affect their families. The percentage of adult children providing personalized care and/or financial assistance to a parent has more(prenominal) than tripled over the past 15 years, the research group found. Of course, in todays tough economy, it similarly is common for elderly adults to be supporting their adult children. But in some ways, thats easier to accept Parents often plan to leave whatever wealth they have to their children anyway.The flow of wealth from older to younger generation feels natural to many. But with Americans living so much longer now, the younger generation has to do more thinking about how they might care for parents who have exhausted their savings. After spending the whole day talking with my grandparents about their concerns I felt compelled to lend a hand. I made lunch for them and started to clean the kitchen. By the end of the day the whole house w as spotless, and before I left I help my grandfather get my grandmother ready for bed.I have to say I was really exhausted when I finished, but the feeling I felt when I saw them smiling and relaxing together was worth a million bucks. As soon as I got home that night, I was determined that I had to help with this situation right away. The first thing to do was to call a family meeting. It was time for everyone to pull Davis 4 together and take up their responsibility to do their part. First thing we needed to do is put together a schedule and set it in stone. We all agreed that we would be charge a day to go and check on our grandparents/parents.This action plan would include cooking, cleaning and donating at least a hundred dollars a month to help with their financial needs. So far this is working out great, and all it took was a concerned person to be a good listener and someone to pull a family together to put a plan in action. By working together as a family it helped to mend broken relationships and it helped us to accomplished many beautiful things. Im happy to say my grandparents are well taken care now, and years have been added to their life span. Davis 5 Works Cited Http//www. aflac. com/ Aflac_WorkForces_Report 2011

5ytyt

Funding Jill Morans Retirement Annuity Sunrise Industries wishes to stash funds to provide a retirement rente for its vice president of research, Jill Moran. Ms Moran, by contract, will retire at the curio of exactly 12 years. Upon retirement, she is entitled to receive an annual end- of-year payment of $42,000 for exactly 20 years. If she dies prior to the end of the 20-year period, the annual payments will pass to her heirs.During the 12-year assemblage period, Sunrise wishes to fund the annuity by making equal, annual, end of the year deposits into an account earning 9% interest. Once the 20-year distribution period begins, Sunrise plans to move the gather upd monies into an account earning a guaranteed 12% per year, At the end of the distribution period, the account balance will equal zero. Note that the first deposit will be made at the end of year 1 and that the first distribution payment will be received at the end of year 13. Please answer the questions listed below. . D raw a time line depicting all of the cash flows associated with Sunrises view of the retirement annuity. 2. How large a sum must Sunrise accumulate b the end of year 12 to provide the 20-year, $42,000 annuity? 3. How large must Sunrises equal, annual, end-of-year deposits into the account be over the 12-year accumulation period to fund fully Ms. Morans retirement? 4. How much would Sunrise have to deposit annually during the accumulation period if it could earn 10% quite a than 9% during the accumulation period?

A Yellow Raft in Blue Water

Nicole Freche Mr. Ontiveros World Literature 2nd period December 5, 2010 Friends Forever Trust is like a vase at once its broken, though you lowlife fix the vase, itll never be the same again Author unknown. Almost e actually person has had at least unitary person who he or she can confide their secrets. Over time one can learn whether or not he or she can trust or believe another will hold that confidence. If that overconfidence is shattered, it takes time again to reconcile and to earn it back.In Michael Dorriss novel, A Yellow batch in Blue Water, Ida is a girl who entrusts in her young Aunt Clara with secrets from school to boys. When Clara reveals Idas hope about Willard bewitching Dog, the trust is broken scorn this, Ida still helps Clara and also creates herself a new certitude through Claras daughter, Christine. Clara comes to live with Ida and her family to take care of Mama and instantly Ida becomes infatuated with her. Clara is the opposite of Ida pretty, little, a nd neat. Ida acts very friendly and giving towards Clara.After a while she admits that she confided my secrets and sought her advice (Dorris, 303). Ida level(p) felt encouraged by her sureness (304) with what she has told her especially when Ida tells Clara about her crush and hope of Willard moderately Dog. Clara makes Ida feel good about herself with the advice she gives her. Ida feels as if she has a friend that she can trust and a person who can be a role model. Ida has created her certitude through Clara. Clara has brought shame to the family and is pregnant with Idas fathers child.In order to hide this shame Clara came up with the idea of Ida pretending to be with child. Clara mentioning this hurts Ida exactly what hurts Ida even more is the reason behind the story that makes it more plausible to Mama and Papa. Clara tells them that No one would be surprised. Everyones aware shes after Willard Pretty Dog (309). Ida is shocked at Claras betrayal of revealing her hopes. Clara s remark does not only break Idas certitude in her, but also shows the low inclination Clara has on Ida.

China Restaurant ; Foodservice Review

Enterprise Improvement Corporate Turn almost and Restructuring Financial Advisory Services Information Management Services AlixPartners 2010 mainland china eating place & Foodservice Review May 2010 AlixPartners, LLP, 2010 www. alixpartners. com Contents A. Executive Summary B. pains Environment C. Financial Performance Profiles of Selected restaurants D. 2010 chinaw ar Consumer come off Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant shackles F. Conclusions 2 2010 Restaurant & Foodservice Review Executive Summary (1) Market Trends Industry Structure The Chinese restaurant patience has grown by about 11% in 2009 to about 2 trillion RMB. Growth was down from 16% in 2008. ?However, despite annual produce rates of 13% since 2003, the Chinese restaurant industry by 2009 has reached only about half the size of the US restaurant industry, as dining out expenditure per capita in China is less than 10% the expenditure of US raft. ? Chinese consumers remain substantially more conservative in terms of dining out than US consumers while in the US, people nearly spend half their food expenditure in restaurants, Chinese people only spend 22% in restaurants. The number of restaurants in China is vastly higher than in the US (5. 1 vs. 0. 9 million restaurants) and the industry is significantly more fragmented. Whereas the Top 100 restaurant arrange in the US have a 45% everyplaceall grocery store assign, Chinas Top 100 only has a 6% market percentage in 2009 (down from 9% in 2003). ?western sandwich restaurants remain at a very crushed level in China, and have a market share of only about 1% in 2009. Apart from KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut, no major US restaurant chemical chain has achieved a major movement in China. Although the leading Chinese restaurant chains have minor market shares as the industry is highly competitive, profitability levels of leading chains were around 10-12% in terms of EBIT margins in 2009 and in line with average US fast-food chains in 2 009. ? Given the solid profitability levels and strong future growth potential for Chinese restaurant chains, it is a highly attractive industry for M&A deals and we are likely to see further private equity investments as well as takeovers by leading chains. 3 2010 Restaurant & Foodservice Review Executive Summary (2)Per capita expenditure on dining out pull up stakes continue to emergence at double digit growth rate in 2010. Consumers anticipate outgo about 10% more in restaurants than they did in 2009. This is in stark contrast to US where people expect to spend 4% less in 2010. ? To remain competitive, operators must serve high fiber food and market themselves more on an individual basis to consumers. Similar to in U. S. , food quality is the most important factor when Chinese consumers fix boilersuit value. Other top factors are price and service ?Chain restaurants are increasingly popular in China. 50% of consumers prefer chains over independent restaurants, while another 35% are in distinguishable. This indicates a major growth potential for chains, which currently only have a 7% overall market share in China. ? Hesperian restaurants have enormous growth potential. On average, Chinese consumers plan to eat 40% of their meals in western demeanor restaurants in 2010. This is a substantial contrast to the 1% market share of Western owned restaurants in 2009. Consumer Survey Results Opportunities Consumers preferring Western restaurants cite cleaner environment, disclose atmosphere and better service as key differences to Chinese elbow room locations. ? Western restaurant chains have substantial opportunities in the Chinese market, besides will have to develop tailored concepts to the market.Developing a brand position and good quality reputation will be critical for Western chains in the highly fragmented and competitive market. Especially in the casual dining sector, which has multiple major players in the US, there are major opportunities for recent entrants into the Chinese market. Established leading Chinese restaurant chains will likely continue to expand and achieve strong margins, as case results in significant advantages in purchasing, operational effectiveness and marketing. However, it will be critical to implement professional systems to support growth. 4 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 5Chinas Foodservice Industry Has Been Expanding At 13% CAGR in 2003-2009, simply Remains At Nearly Half The US Market Size China foodservice industry revenue 2003-2009E bn RMB 0. 17 0. 16 0. 14 YOY 0. 13 growth 0. 12 0. 11 0. 1 0. 09 0. 08 0. 15 16% 14% 13% 11% 14% 11% 3,860 956 1,090 1,232 1,365 1,556 1,800 2,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 E US 2009 By contrast, US Restaurant Industry has shrunk for the destruction 2 years in revenue credit Chin a Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners compend 6Chinas Per Capita Dining Out Increased To more or less 980 RMB Per Year In 2009, Which Is less(prenominal) Than 10% Of US Per Capita Dining Out China per capita dining out expenditure RMB per capita per year 0. 24 0. 22 22% YOY 0. 18 0. 16 growth 0. 14 0. 12 0. 1 0. 08 0. 2 14% 14% 10% 15% 12% 10,100 438 533 607 691 761 878 980 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 E US 2009 Per Capital Dining Out Is Driven By Growing Disposable Income Per Capita (Per Capita Dining Out Has Been Around 6% Of Disposable Income 2004-2009) Source China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 7Chinese People Eat Out Only About 1/3 As Frequent As US People In 2009, As Dining Out Represents 21% Of Total Food cost Average amount Of Times Dining Out 2009 Dining Out As % Of Total Food Expenditure, China vs. regular army 204 48% 184 130 22% 72 18% China HK Taiwan the States China 2003 China 2009 E USA 2009 Source China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 8 The Chinese Restaurant Industry Remains Highly Fragmented, With More Than 5. 1 Mio. Outlets And Average Revenues Of 0. 4 Mio. RMB No. Of Restaurants Mio. Outlets Average Revenue Per Outlet 000 RMB 4,091 5. 1 3. 0. 9 308 377 China 2003 China 2009 E USA 2009 China 2003 China 2009 E USA 2009 Source Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 9 The Top 100 Chinese Restaurants Have A Market Share Of Only 6% in 2009, Compared To 45% In The USA China restaurant revenue, Top 100 vs. Others % of Industry Total Top100 9% 6% 45% Western style restaurants only account for 1% of the Chinese restaurant industry in 2009 loyal food restaurants account for about 23% of the market in China, compared to about 29% in USA Others 91% 94% 55% China 2003 China 2009 USA 2009Source China Statistics Bureau, National Restaurant Association 2010 Industry Forecast, AlixPartners analysis 10 Quick Service And Hotpot Restaurants Account For 2/3 Of The Top 100 Restaurants Revenues In China Number of companies Revenue % Revenue per company bn RMB Comments fast(a) food segment is expanding in China rapidly due to services & quality standardization and relatively low price level Key players entangle YUM brands, McDonalds, Dicos, etc. Hot Pot restaurants are popular in China, esp. in central and north regions Key players include Little Sheep, Xiao Wei Yang, Dezhuang, etc.Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) 20 31% 1. 8 HotPot 23 34% 1. 7 Full-Service routine Dining 17 11% 0. 8 Casual dining is pointing to a growth trend among young professionals who are seeking places for social activities Specialty / fine dinning mainly include famous Chinese brands and big restaurant groups, and western fine restaurants Specialty / Fine Dining 40 24% 0. 7 Western fine restaurants are growing fast merely focused on coastal cities Source China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 11 Chain Restaurants Still Account For Small Share In Chinese Market, But HaveBeen Consistently Gaining Marke t Share China restaurant revenue, Top 100 vs. Others % of Industry Total Chained 8% Chain restaurants Independents Chain restaurants have grown at a faster rate than independent restaurants, driven by advantages in Advertising / brand building Cost and quality control Operational ability Independents 92% 19% 15% 12% 20% 16% 22% 18% 23% In Hong Kong, chained restaurants account for 28% of total market size by revenue Going forward, chain restaurants are likely to rapidly win market share 2001-06 CAGR 06 vs. 07 Growth 08 vs. 07 Growth 09 vs. 08 GrowthSource Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 12 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 13 Three Western Restaurant Brands be Currently Among The Top 10 (KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut) No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brand KFC McDonalds Dicos Little Sheep Xiao Wei Yang Pizza Hut UBC Cafe Xiaotiane Company Yum Brands Inc. McDonalds Corp Ting Hsin International Group Little Sheep Group Limited home(a) Mongolia Xiao Wei Yang YumBrands Inc. UBC Coffee food Co Ltd Chongqing Xiaotiane Catering Type QSR QSR QSR Hot Pot QSR Casual Dining QSR QSR Market share 1. 2% 0. 5% 0. 3% 0. 2% 0. 2% 0. 2% 0. 2% 0. 1% of Stores gt2,000 gt1,000 gt1,000 gt 400 ca. 600 ca. three hundred ca. 500 ca. 300 9 10 Xiao Tu Dou Malan Lamian Shenyang Xiao Tu Dou Malan Lamian Fast Food QSR QSR 0. 1% 0. 1% ca. 300 ca. 300 Source Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 14 Major Chinese Restaurant Chains On Average Outperform US Restaurants In EBIT Margins, And be In Line With US QSR EBIT margin comparison 2009 E Chinese Chains 5. 2% 11. 6% 9. 6% 7. 3% 11. 9% 17. 0% 11. 2% 10. 1% 6. 2% Fairwood Quan Ju De Little Sheep Cafe De Coral Beijing Xian Ge Qing Ajisen US Average Asia FB USA QSR Peers Source IQ Capital, yearbook reports, AlixPartners analysis 15 Leading Chinese Restaurant Chains Remain Small Players Compared To US Peers, But With Significantly Different Growth Perspectives Leading Chinese Chains Company Dafe de Coral Ajisen Little Sheep Fairwood China Quanjude Beijing Xiangeqing HK Catering Management Leading US Chains Growth 2009 9. 1% 18. 7% 23. 5% 2. 2% 8. 3% 20. 6% -7. 2% Revenue 2009 Mio. RMB ,674 1,986 1,570 1,466 1,204 738 328 Company McDonalds Yum Starbucks Darden Brinker OSI Jack in the Box Burger King Wendys Arbys Cracker tympan Revenue 2009 Mio. RMB 162,112 76,287 70,989 48,407 27,926 Growth 2009 -3. 3% -4. 1% -5. 9% 8. 9% -14. 5% NA -2. 7% 3. 4% -2. 2% -0. 7% 27,816 17,363 17,277 16,691 Xinjiang Bai Hua Cun 64 62. 8% 16,254 Major US chains with limited growth potential in mature home market Chinese restaurants with major growth potential (both total growth and through takeovers) Source Euromonitor, China Statistics Bureau, AlixPartners analysis 16Solid EBIT Margin and Growth Potential Are Main Reasons For MA Activity and PE Investments Increase In Investments Expected Chained Restaurant of restaurants in 2009 422 Investment size m US$ N/A Key MA and PE investments Yum Brands bought 20% equity in 2009 The combined YUM Little Sheep will be the largest and most diversified restaurant company in China, providing both Western and Chinese style restaurants with brands including KFC, Pizza Hut, eastward Dawning and Little Sheep Nov. 2005, a group of investors including IDGVC invested $ 14 million GGV and first round investors invested $10. million in 2007 In 2008, Oaktree and existing investors, invested $23 million In 2007, Capital Today and Liandong invested $43 million 70 14 11 23 300+ 43 98 40+ 50 43 Nov. 2008, Actis invested USD 50 million Dec. 2008, CDH invested $43 million With solid EBIT margins and strong growth opportunities, private equity investments and takeovers by leading restaurant chains are likely to increase Source Published data, AlixPartners analysis 17 For Example, Little Sheep Restaurant Chain A Success Story Company all overview Little Sheep is the leading full-service restaurant chain operator in China. Its ranked 4 in all restaurant companies in China and 1 in local companies The company focuses on operating hot pot chain restaurants as well as developing, processing and selling food product including lamb and hot pot soup Little Sheeps revenue rose from RMB 513 millions in 2005 to 1,272 millions in 2008, growing at 35% CAGR It has 422 restaurants in total by mid 2009 146 companyowned and 276 franchised restaurants RMB Millions Revenue CAGR 05-08 35% 08-14E 31%Revenue Growth Breakout Success Factor Standardization facilitates expansion into China The standard products in hot pot restaurant cuisine require minimal kitchen preparation and enable easier quality control Its focus on quality creates a strong brand. In particular, it is known for high-quality lamb Focuses on consumer segment of 20-40 year olds and invests he avily in advertising and its royalty program Shifted from sole franchising model to a mixed franchising owned model in 2002, facilitating geographic expansion Franchised vs. Owned Business Model Company-owned model helps Little Sheep enhance its operational efficiency by better executing its branding and marketing strategy, optimizing scorecards and facilitating the incoming of new products Franchised restaurants model obviates the need for the company to raise capital and run the day-to-day business, thus very effective or the company to penetrate lower-tier cities Source Annual report, Yuanta Research report, AlixPartners analysis 18 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 19 AlixPartners 2010 China Consumer Survey Overview Date March 2010 Population 1,030 adults, 13 major cities in China, age 18+ (average age 25) D emographics Respondent group was legate of the Chinese population across key demographics and income ranges Survey Focus Key areas of focus included ? Planned frequency of dining occasions ? Expected spending on meals outside the home ? Preferred type of restaurants ? Key criteria for consumer preference in restaurant selectionUS Survey In March 2010, AlixPartners also conduced a corresponding study in the USA, also covering a survey population of 1,000 adults AlixPartners, LLP, 2009 20 In China, Average Spent Per Meal Is Expected To Increase By 10% In 2010 By Contrast US Diners Expect to Pay 4% Less Expected average spending per meal RMB CHINA USA -4% 82. 6 +10% 79. 2 48. 8 53. 7 Last 12 Months contiguous 12 Months Last 12 Months Next 12 Months 21 Over The Next 12 Months, Nearly 46% Expect To slip away More Money in Restaurants in China, While Consumers in USA Remain fabian Planned consumer spending, 2010 CHINA USA 51% 46% 41% 5% 39% 34% 13% 16% 15% Spend less Spend same Q1- 2010 Spend more Spend less Spend same Q1-2009 Spend more Q1-2010 22 Fine Dining and Fast Casual go out Benefit Most From Dining Frequency Increase In China Fast Food and Fast Casual Most Impacted in USA Dining frequency per month and restaurant type CHINA +9% USA S 2009 13. 7 S 2010 15. 1 6. 4 -20% S 2009 13. 8 S 2010 11. 8 5. 1 6. 2 5. 7 +13% 4. 4 3. 9 +7% -17% 2. 9 3. 1 +17% 2. 9 2. 4 2. 9 2. 8 1. 6 1. 5 1. 2 1. 4 Fast Food Fast Casual LTM Freq/Month Casual Fine Dining Fast Food Fast Casual LTM Freq/Month Casual Fine Dining 2010 Expected 2010 Expected 23Biggest Drivers to Increasing Frequency At Favorite Locations Are (1) Better Quality, (2) Closer Location, and (3) Improved Service Better food quality Closer location Improved service Better atmosphere Healthier menu options 26% 37% 36% 35% 25% 22% 17% 15% 15% 13% 12% 10% 8% 7% 5% 4% 3% More or better promotions, discounts, or Better value Family friendly environment Expanded menu variety Bigger mint sizes Shorten time to get i n and out Offer take out service Other, specify Expanded dessert and/or beverage options demand information available on the internet Accommodate special dietary needs Smaller portion sizesWhat would cause you to eat out more a good deal at the restaurant(s) you visit most frequently? 24 In Determining Overall VALUE, Chinese Consumers Are Far Less Focused On value Promotions Than American Diners Food quality Overall service Low prices Healthy menu options Good promotions, discounts, or coupons Updated environment decor Big portion sizes honour meals Amenities and atmosphere Range of dessert and/or beverage options 9% 6% 5% 9% 28% 27% 31% 24% 22% 19% 23% 44% 47% 42% 60% 59% 75% 6% China U. S. 16% 34% As a consumer, what factors are most important to you in defining OVERALL VALUE for your dollar? 5 In China, Word-of-mouth Is The Strongest Form Of Advertising For Restaurants Word of mouth roadway walk-by Internet Flier, coupon, booklet, etc. Self experience TV Magazine Newspaper 17% 16% 5% 28% 25% 37% 36% 71% 34% emails 26 50% of Survey Respondents in China Prefer Chain Restaurants 50% 35% 15% Yes No No difference Do you prefer a chain store over independent restaurants? 27 Majority of Chinas Consumers Prefer Chinese Style Dining, But Western Style is Very Popular Among Survey Respondents Total Sample Fast Food Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese styleTotal Sample Fast Casual Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese style 40% 60% 61% 39% Total Sample Casual Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese style Total Sample Fine Dining Next 12 months,Western style Next 12 months,Chinese style 15% 34% 66% 85% Approximately 40% of Consumers in China Plan to Eat at Western Style Restaurants Penetration of Western Chains Most Prominent in Fast Food 28 Those Preferring Western Restaurants Cite the Cleaner Environment and Better Atmosphere Key Differences to Chinese Style Locations Clean or better environment 52%Better atmospher e (music, decor, etc. ) 46% Better services 40% Try something different 31% Better taste of food 29% Cultural attraction 26% Healthier menu options 19% Dessert and/or beverage options 16% What do you like about Western restaurants compared with Chinese restaurants? 29 Contents A. Executive Summary B. Industry Environment C. Financial Performance Profiles of Selected Restaurants D. 2010 China Consumer Survey Results E. Opportunities for Restaurant Chains F. Conclusions 30 Operational Improvement Levers For Major Restaurant Chains Winning strategies in operations improvement Centralized purchasing to implement professional process Purchasing Negotiations sweeps coupled with strategic sourcing Logistics optimization and commodity risk analysis Centralized operations and facilities management, and IT Operational Effectiveness Lean Kitchen/ trading operations including emphasis on food waste % RD Process Improvement Develop clear brand position and tailored advertising strategies market Implement effective LTOs with input from supply chain partners Encourage first time visits and push customer loyalty Partnering effectively with ocal owners who know the market blowup Implement rigorous store selection process, with clear criteria Increase no. of stores to build brand awareness Restaurant chains have substantial scale advantages in operations 31 Opportunities For Western Restaurant Chains in China, Which So Far Have Been Hesitating To Invest on a bulky Scale Leading US casual dining chains and their current China presence US Chain Brand Applebees Outback steakhouse of stores Globally 2,000 900 880 780 of stores in China 0 100 0 30 RemarksOpened a restaurant in Shanghai in 2007, but has since left the rural Operates two restaurants in Beijing and around five in HK market leader in Korea Opened in Philippines in 2007, but has not expand into other Asian countries Entered China in 1995 and has four restaurants in Beijing, but only one each in Shanghai , Tianjin and HK Highly successful chain, but no operations outside North America (same for sister company Red Lobster, both part of Dardens) One restaurant in Shanghai and two in HK Ruby Tuesday TGI Friday Olive Garden 700 Tony Romas 0 0 260 3

The Frightful Abuse of Human Rights

force or education as forms of oppression carried bulge by policy-making groups in Latin the States is a reoccurring theme as seen in Argentina and Cuba from earlier essays. Government sponsored habilitates of reverence take over the nation and keep the coarse citizen subdued as seen in Argentina. The process of educating the common person so that he/she would not only figure, but be able to participate in political affairs was a major force in the Cuban revolution. In the 1980s, Central the States saw both fury and education used as political devices to promote or impede political change.The most common and horrific form of oppression in Central America is violence. Violence can be used to eliminate political competition as seen in El. Salvador In November 1980 Alv arz and atomic number 23 top associates were killed by government forces, an act hat eliminated an entire cadre of reformist politicians (Skidmore & Smith 350). another(prenominal) vitrine of eliminating a pote ntial threat to the government can be seen in the movie men With Guns. In this movie a religious leader (Bishop Romero) with some control of people and their political thoughts was considered heartbreaking by the El. Salvadorian government. Therefore he was assassinated by the army in an attempt to silence his phonation and maybe even spread fear throughout the country as others fe bed what would become of them if they spoke out against the government.This imposement of fear, was another method of using violence to prevent political change. Argentina is the most dominant example of government created fear as a weapon against the voice of the people. The acting government or Junta, randomly kidnapped citizens and offered no reason for their actions. In many cases the kidnapped (disappeared) were tortured and killed, their bodies and explanations for what happened never found. The actions of the Guatemalan government during its politically unstable compass point are a clear examp le of using violence and fear to repress change as seen in Skidmore and Smith (1997 357)One feature of this entire period was the f disciplineful abuse of human race rights. paramilitary unit decease squads most notoriously Mano Blanca and Ojo por Ojo, carried on a murderous campaign against political dissenters. No fewer then 80,000 people were killed or disappeared between the 1960s and 1990.Because people feared that if they spoke out against the government they would face death/torture, many would-be activists sat quietly as the government did whatever it wanted.The only weapon against this cloak of fear was to bring in the help of outside nations and expose the atrocities being committed. For example this is what the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo were known for. They petitioned at a time nobody else would leave their house and they brought the attention of the United Nations and other human rights groups to the current situation in Argentina. However in the case of Guatemala, the government continues their oppression until they see match to stop it themselves as illustrated by Skidmore & Smith (1997 357-358)The government bore at least indirect obligation for these killings, but world wide protests did not bring much respiteBy the mid-1980s the Guatemalan military judged their campaign against the Marxist Guerrillas successful enough to allow the election of a civilian president below a patina of electoral democracy, the military force continues to predominate in Guatemala.Violence does not have to be only used as a form of oppression. Violence is sometimes used as a form of combating represent by groups of revolutionary solders. These groups of indigenous (local) solders combine to fight for their political and social rights are called Guerillas. Guerillas and guerilla tactics are spattered all throughout the history of Central America. They live in the mountains or jungles and rely on the locals for food, recruits, and information. Guerillas typical ly share the same ethnic background and social class, these are the chains that link them together. They use violence and military strategy to combat the unjustness or oppressing governments.another(prenominal) form of oppression in Central America is education and lack of it. Much of Central America is poverty-stricken and underdeveloped (Skidmore & Smith 1997), this leads to a lack of literacy. By not having the ability to read and understand what is going on politically in their country, the common citizen lacks the fellowship needful to participate in political affairs. Domineering governments do little to educate the common citizen because doing so would/could make them a dangerous enemy as seen in Hammond (1998 15)To acquire knowledge is to acquire power, or at least it is a necessary first step. Popular education fosters specific skills, personal growth, and critical consciousness among the distressing and oppressed. Learning empowers poor people because they prove they c an do something they were always told was beyond them.Education can also be used as a weapon against oppression, as discussed in the book Fighting to Learn. Hammond (1998 61) describes meetings between solders and their leading where they discussed political issues and current events. Another issue often stressed in these meetings was the need to spread propaganda and knowledge into civilian communities. Educating the common people can produce many effects, all useful in combating an dictatorial government regime.Knowledge and education expose people to multiple views of common issues, therefore allowing them to decide for themselves what is right and wrong. This creates a sense of political and social awareness that combined with the desire for change and the willingness to use violence can be an explosive combination in the fight against oppression.

Response for “The Destructors”: themes, interpretations Essay

Chaos had advanced. The kitchen was a shambles of broken wish-wash and china. The dining-room was stripped of parquet, the skirting was up, the door had been taken off its hinges, and the destroyers had moved up a floor. Streaks of lighthearted came in through the closed shutters where they worked with the seriousness of creators and destruction after all is a form of origin. A kind of imagination had seen this house as it had now become.The Second World War had just complete and the boys were living in a hostile and indifferent world. They had had an idea, a dream, and using their imagination the gang had created a plan (p.176 a wild invention) to destroy Old Miserys house. To accomplish their billing they involve energy, hard work and organisation, just like in a war. However, they werent doing it for hate, because hate requires a certain degree of passion and each and every one of them was cold-minded, and just followed the orders of their overhauler Trevor, who was a org anize of evil.Its clear that the gang wanted prestige, distinction and fame (p.174 The fame been destroyed) nevertheless it wasnt just for that they were doing it by nature and consciously and most significant for fun. Destruction was part of them, maybe because they were the sons of war and they were living a full point of transition when many important changes take place but as farther as Im concerned, proportional episodes (with proportional consequences) happen nowadays. This leads me to think that destruction is part of human nature.Regarding their action, when the house was be smashed, sounds of carpentry were heard (creation) (e.g. a clickety-clack, a bang bang, a scraping, a creaking ). The boys created destruction and they had to do it in a way so that nothing build inside again was more beautifully than before. Beauty, style and elegance was something they couldnt allow. The question is why as I say before, destruction could be taken as part of human nature, but perh aps this is always needed to create later. It could be considered as one more step in the ladder to produce changes. During this revolution disorder and uncertainty are present and it is normal from individuals to collectively (nations, corporations, mafias, gangs,etc) pulltheir skills and talents in order to vanquish difficulties and make modifications. Its like a cycle which is always necessary.The problem is that in their cycle on that point had no immediate future. It was a need to exterminate leaving nothing but a regretful landscape covered by rubble. Their plan had been as effective as an army or a missile. The place was clear for something new to be created, something different, but something human which soon or later would be also destroyed. These qualities inside members of the gang were the leftovers of the war. They had absorbed war and were part of its consequences.Rounding off and as far as Im concerned, the falsehoods theme is centred on the idea of destruction a nd creation, and how these twain relate with each other. War and pos-war are deeply connected with this main idea in the story due to the fact that it was a period of transition the gang was leaving between destruction and the creation of something new. I believe that war is the perfect example to understand human behaviour, and how ideologies or interests may lead to fights, battles, and the constant look for evolution and change whereas terrible consequences can be suffered by anyone, no amour their innocence and age (like the boys did).

Appendix A

Title of prowess bet Artists name(s) Medium Museum or institution who owns the work Paragraph in short essay form that includes the following Formal summary Describe what you see and the design as a whole. History In what art style does it reach? Interpretation Is there any symbolism? Consider the following example 1987 Landscape with Tree inunct on canvas Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Landscape with Tree by George Smith is an example of American realist painting of the 20th century. The realist style has origins that trace back to the 19th-centuryFrench artist Gustavo Court. Smith is one of the few American artists still engaged in the realist manifesto, which rejects abstraction as a corrupt, elitist form of art. Landscape is an asymmetrical composition. The work achieves a sense of balance through counterbalancing the tree and moon on either side of the film plane. Although composed in stark black-and-white, Smiths work achieves an expressive force created by the use of a dynamic, mobile line. The tree in art is often associated with life, renewal, and growth (Grove Art Online, 2007).Smith establishes a contrast between the trees symbolism and the quarter moon. On your reference page, stick outs found online must be cited as follows Example electronic pick up citation Author (Role of Author). (Year image was created). Title of work Type of work. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from website address Example electronic image citation with no author Title of work Type of work. (Year image was created). Retrieved Month Day, Year, from website address Final enter Timeline You should budget your time wisely and work on your project throughout the course.As outlined below, some assignments in the course are designed to assist you in creating your final project. If you complete your course activities and use the feedback provided by the instructor, you will be on the right track to successfully complete your project. Suggested in Week star Review recomme nded websites listed in your Appendix B and your textbook and think about which broad theatre of art you want to research for the final project. Suggested in Week Two Select a broad area of art, for example, architecture, sculpture, film, video art, installation art, performance art, painting, drawing, hydrotherapy, or Internet art.Suggested in Week Three Within your chosen medium, think about one theme you want to research, such as Mexican fresco paintings or Buddhist sculptures. Suggested in Week Five Submit the theme for facilitator feedback. Due in Week sixsome Begin writing the 100-word paragraphs for your 10 selected whole kit in short essay form. Suggested in Week septenary Continue to write captions in short essay form. Suggested in Week Eight Finalize timeline works and text. Include citations where appropriate. Due in Week Nine Submit your final project.

Reason for Seeking a College Degree

The aspiration of this essay is to discuss why I chose to seek a college gunpoint, my learning bolt as notice by the results of questionnaires, and the fact that I feel the results atomic number 18 accurate for me personally. Everyone has their own individual reasons for pursuing a college degree. For me, it is the desire to become a accede Game Warden after retiring from the military. Being a state Game Warden requires that I have a degree in the biological or wildlife sciences. In a profession like this, it is important that one has a clear and concise understanding of wildlife biology at a collegiate level.To be a viable screwingdidate in this profession, a college degree is incumbent to present myself as a competitive individual for the job I am seeking to fill. Whether or not I have on the job training or experience, the college degree will bespeak that I have the knowledge base to help me succeed as a warden. The end tendency in my pursuit of a college degree is to no t only broaden my scope of knowledge and skills, me affirm to unlock career aspirations that would otherwise be unattainable for me with prohibited a degree. But before I raise the cart before the horse, graduating with degree in hand requires I truly know myself inside and out.Basically I need to understand what my personal learning style is. Learning styles are not exactly chosen, they are natural and inherent to each learner. According to Felder & Soloman (n. d. ) there are several different learning styles Active, Reflective, Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Sensing, Intuitive, Verbal, in series(p) and Global. To find out what kind of learner you are, a simple questionnaire or quiz can be taken to narrow these options down. In taking Felder & Solomans Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire (n. d. and the Learning Style origin (Penn State, 2010) questionnaire, I have discovered that I am an wide awake learner and a visual learner. An wide awake learner is one who gravitates towar d interpreting, comprehending, and retaining information in a hands on or active fashion. In other words they discuss or apply and explain the information to others (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). The degree program I am enrolled in is online which presents me with challenges and difficulties in using the active learning style that I normally rely upon.An alternative to active learning for me is visual, which will serve me well because online course material is something I can see to interpret and retain. Visual learners are those who absorb and maintain information efficiently through methods such as charts, diagrams, pictures, films or demonstrations (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). Suggestions for success as a visual learner include writing out ideas and information for memorization and fully utilizing all course materials, whether they are maps, flashcards, charts or filmstrips (Penn State, 2010).I am someone who continuously reads the directions prior to completing any task, therefore this fits me perfectly. I fully agree with the results of these questionnaires. I am a mechanic- someone who works day in and day out with my hands. The things I am trying to achieve or figure out require me to read texts, diagrams and pictures and solve the problem using these resources. I also discuss and apply the information found with those who are masters of the mechanic profession. My reasons for seeking a college degree are simple.I need to hold at minimum at Bachelors in the wildlife or biological sciences to reach my goal of being a state Game Warden after retirement from the military. To be successful in this means that I understand I am a visual and active learner, as realized after taking the learning styles questionnaires. References Felder, R. M. , & Soloman, B. A. (n. d. ). Index of learning styles. Retrieved from http//www. engr. ncsu. edu/learningstyles/ilsweb. html Penn State. (2010). Learning style inventory. Retrieved from http//www. personal. psu. edu/bxb11/ LSI/LSI/htm

Sylvia Plath vs Ted Hughes

Sylvia Plaths poem, Whiteness I consider, and Ted Hughess poem, Sam, are two poems which describe an experience of Plaths when she was a student at Cambridge. She was out on her first ride when the horse she had hired the normally-placid Sam, bolted. Although Ted Hughess is describing the experience he uses insinuations passim the poem to let out his perception of his marriage with Sylvia Plath, hence infuriating, the conflict in perspective mingled with the two poems.The ideas of conflicting perspective suggest that the composers of the texts present an even-handed, unbiased attitude to the events, personalities or situations represented. Conflicting perspectives look the subjective truth of the individual, which are shaped by the construction of a text by a biased composer. Each persons version of the truth in events, personalities and situations differs, by viewing depart perspectives an understanding of the motives and purpose of the composer is formed. Sam is Hughes retrosp ective interpretation of an event in Plaths life earlier she met him and which she had represented in the poem Whiteness I remember. Hughes poem itself contains what can be interpret as conflicting perspectives of her personality and when read in conjunction with Whiteness I remember reveals elicit similarities and differences. Hughes seems to accept Plaths account of the event I can live Your incredulity, your certainty that this was it and he does tie down closely to her description of her experiences during the horses headlong flight to the stable.However, the repetition of You disordered your stirrups, You lost your reins, you lost your seat, combine to depict Plath as a terrified victim unable to control or take responsibility for the consequences of her own actions. In contrast Plaths poem suggests she was exhilarated by the zip and endangerment and identified with what she represents as the horses rebellion against the humdrum of suburbia.In contrast Hughes accuses her of glamorising her loss of control. It was grab his make love and adore him or free fall. Once again the reader is arguably left with the legal opinion that Hughes is still identifying with Sam and suggesting there are parallels between her relationship with him and the horse. As the stanza continues Hughes builds the momentum and pace with a series of commas as punctuation and an enjambment.The choice of verb in You slewed under his neck, an upside down jockey with nothing between you and the cataract of macadam creates an image of Plath unable to maintain a balance and in imminent danger of being smashed into the road by the horses hooves at high speed. The alliteration and the metaphor of the horribly hard swift river in full flood combine with the propeller terror of his front legs and the onomatopoeia of clangour of the entreat shoes to transform the horse into an engine of destruction.