10 Facts About Simon Bolivar of Venezuela

Essay on The Winnipeg General Strike - 1689 Words

The Winnipeg General Strike The year of 1919 has been one of the most influential years of strikes in Canadian history. The event that occurred on this year still lingers in Canadian minds and continues to be one of the most meaningful and powerful effects of labor protest and the struggle of people to create trade union rights. As it is stated it is â€Å"the first and the only time in Canadian history that a major city was split clearly into two opposing classes.† (McNaught,†¦show more content†¦At the same time, Prime Minister Robert Borden passed a legislation that banned labor unions in the country. Due to the newly build railroad, many immigrants started to immigrate to the west and by 1919 the population of working cla ss in Winnipeg tripled. It is stated that: â€Å"the end of the world war signaled the release from the patriotic obligations that had kept reluctant workers on the job, and it brought new and complex problems of reconstruction and soldiers’ resettlement.† (Bercuson McNaught, 1974). The war was over in 1918 and much of Canada’s production and shipment to Europe stopped. Many people in Winnipeg were left unemployed and with the return of soldiers from war, the unemployment rate rose even higher. The Canadians took an example from the Russian’s Bolshevik revolution that occurred in 1917, where the Russians were able to overthrow their government and opt for change. Canadians however did not want to resort to violent acts like the Russians, but they believed that they can bring change if the working class had more power. As one author says, â€Å" indicative of the prevalent labor unrest was the series of strikes in western Canada in 1918. Of those the m ost serious occurred in Winnipeg. It lasted for over three weeks and reached semi-generalShow MoreRelatedWinnipeg General Strike898 Words   |  4 PagesThe Winnipeg General Strike happened from May 15-June 25, 1919. This strike is Canada’s best known strike in its history. Massive unemployment and inflation, the success of the Russian Revolution in 1917, and rising Revolutionary Industrial Unionism, all were contributions to the postwar labor unrest that put the strike in motion. In March 1919 western labour leaders met in Calgary to discuss the creation of OBU (One Big Union). In Winnipeg on May 15, when negotiations broke down between managementRead MoreBy The 1900, European Empires Dominated The World. The1363 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 20th century. The three most significant events in the 20th century were The Winnipeg General Strike, the rationing and the joining of Newfoundland. To start off, The Winnipeg General Strike that started from 15 May to 25 June 1919 was a Canada’s best-known strike. People in Canada started to fight for their rights, demanded for a higher wage, shorter working week, and the right to bargain collectively. This strike brought a negative influence on Canada, and caused the government to interveneRead MoreThe Winnipeg General Strike : A Rift Between Western Canadian Employers And Labour Workers962 Words   |  4 PagesCHC2Dc Stage 2 Research Report The Winnipeg General Strike Research Question: How does the Winnipeg general Strike mark a rift between western Canadian employers and labour workers? Outline: I) Introduction - General Background information - Focus statement: This paper will focus on the opposition between western Canadian labour unions’ resolve to play a larger role in politics and industry and employers’ objection to comply with them. II) The progress of the strike: a demonstration of workers’ neglectRead MoreWhat Is Moore s View Of Corporate Social Responsibility1563 Words   |  7 Pagesgot run down, including the most recent one, the GM company and the world’s largest indoor theme park called Auto world. It wasn’t too long until the tourist attraction city didn’t last, it was not a very interesting place for people to visit. The General Motors company did not practise their corporate social responsibility as well as it should have. The company did not attribute as much as they should of to it’s citizens in terms of: helping them, donating to charity causes, etc. Roger Smith’s intentionsRead MoreThomas Clement Douglas s The Greatest Canadian878 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily. Tommy was born 1904 in Camelon, Scotland. When Tommy Douglas was 6 years old, his family relocated to the city of Winnipeg in Canada. Unfortunately, before Tommy had left Scotland, he had fallen and wounded his right knee which led to Osteomyelitis(an infection of the bone). Many treatments in Scotland had to be done to help him recover, even though later in Winnipeg the Osteomyelitis started up again. There was not much that could be done as medical care at that time in Canada was very expensiveRead MoreEach Event I Choose In The Timeline Was Accordingly Chosen1326 Words   |  6 Pagesthis could also happen to us again in the future. Fourthly, there was the Winnipeg general strike which found me mesmerized. I never thought that something like that could ever happen and just go bad to the way it was†¦ just like that. I think that is was historically significant as it left Winnipeg feeling bitter, all the same, as it left fear. I found it like a lost cause as they didn’t get anything from their strikes other than loss of money, and sadness. I think that it had a huge impact asRead MoreThe Canadian Labor1883 Words   |  8 Pagesthat the order-in-council, PC 1003 caused many deprivations, hardships, social inequality among the working class Canadians; it has also led to the positive effects on the working class Canadians by gaining higher wages and benefits by prohibiting strike activity and introduction of the grievance procedure. Why did the Order-in-council PC 1003 came into effect? During the Second World War, the federal government declared the state of emergency which made the Canadian government to grant the CanadiansRead MoreThe Impact On Canadian Actions Throughout The 20th Century2151 Words   |  9 PagesWar I ï€ ­ Winnipeg General Strike ï€ ­ Estevan Massacre ï€ ­ Formation of the Communist Party ï€ ­ On-to-Ottawa Strike Post World War II ï€ ­ Igor Gouzenko ï€ ­ Iron Curtain ï€ ­ NATO ï€ ­ NORAD/DEW line ï€ ­ WARSAW Pact ï€ ­ Avro Arrow Confrontation ï€ ­ Truman Doctrine ï€ ­ United Nations Security Council ï€ ­ Korean War ï€ ­ Vietnam ï€ ­ Cuban Missile Crisis History has shown in what way after the First World War, the Canadian government has responded to several communism uprisings events. The Winnipeg General Strike is one exampleRead MoreThe Idle No More Movement Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagessurrounding the passing of Bill C-45 and to help stop the erosion of the current treaties between the Aboriginal people and the Canadian government as well as the erosion of the rights of both the Aboriginal people and the rights of all Canadian people in general (CBC News Canada, 2013). Although the Idle No More movement originated in Saskatchewan, it attracted a large amount of attention through the use of mainstream media such as Facebook and Twitter, in addition to the use of flash mobs, and round dancesRead MoreThe 1920s and 1950s Red Scare1853 Words   |  8 PagesWorld, which was also called the I.W.W or the Wobblies. The Wobblies first strike was on January 21 1919 where about 35,000 shipyard workers struck. They were immediately labele d reds, or Communists. After the first strike mass panic struck the U.S and many major chain stores had to reassure their customers that their workers would not revolt. A mayor named Ole Hansen from Seattle took the Wobblies strikes personally. Strikes continued over the next 6 months and were labeled as â€Å"crimes against society†

Destructive Innovation for Kodak Company - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDestructive Innovation for Kodak Company. Answer: Business practices are faced by great competitions each day. The big firms try so hard to maintain their positions while the lower performing or the emerging companies tries to rise up and beat the already existing ones. However, this comes after considering some factors and keeping all things to place for the company to run as expected. Innovation is one of the greatest factor that makes big firms to be overtaken in the market by small firms. When these technologies cause the big firms to fail, or maybe, overtaken by the others, they result to what is referred to as the innovators dilemma. The inventor in the falling company is placed in a situation of dilemma. The innovator must choose between improving from the current situation both in technology and in product services or else, the company or the firm gets to the risk of going extinct (Christensen, Raynor and McDonald, 2015, p.44). The Kodak company can be a very good example to illustrate Innovators Dilemma. It had for many years been on the top in photography. It had approximately 90% share in photography industry the tragedy that was as a result of technology shift. When photography shifted from being based on Chemistry to being based on bits, the company collapsed until now where it has become bankrupt. The company failure to advance and research on how it would satisfy its customers through gradual technological innovation brought about innovators dilemma to Kodak companies. The small firms overtook Kodak until it had to start disposing its assets for upkeep. Big companies fail, in fact, they have failed. Kodak company is a good example. According to Christensen, successful companies which have been standing for many years may be doing its things so perfectly, in fact, he says right, but at the long run, the company ends up losing to upcoming competitors. Innovators dilemma can efficiently explain these phenomena. One point to consider is that, big firms and companies would not innovate easier with the disruptive technologies than small and upcoming organizations for the reason that the small firms and organizations are not dependent on their old fashioned organizational norms and values. There is a notion that big companies are fond to maintaining their customers and always struggle to make them happy. Disruptive technology always needs a new market. New markets which are better in adjustments to this innovation have a principle derived from this theory that Old customers are less relevant than the new customers in the new market. The reason behind this is that, the preservative customers will always demand the product that was in the market since they knew it. They will hardly go for a new one. According to Christensen, the progress in the market is very separate from the progress in technology. The customers of many products in the market are not aware of what exactly they need. In contrast, they take what others praise and what they had in the past. The big firms are mostly keen on such customers and therefore, they end up losing the tact from the market competition. The situation created in this sense is the innovation dilemma. The big companies, organizations and firms are in most cases unable to cope with this situation as in small firms. On the above innovators dilemma base, the big firms can be concluded to stumble for ignoring the trends of the time, making wrong decisions, for instance in innovations and technology and finally poor planning and bureaucracy in the management. Slow picking poor technologies are ignored by the top management and ends up losing everything when the market changes. The managers of Kodak firm failed to see and evaluate the disruptive innovation. They did not see it as a threat, after all, they were the best, manning about 90% in their product market. During this time, Kodak experienced an abrupt fail from the best of its time to a state to auctioning its products. It has been noticed that when its profits margins were seemed to be on top, an executive was bragging over the achievement. However, it was not a bad thing, but, there is an element of satisfaction and a sense of security over maintaining the same business margin and the trade name. This is one of the reason as to why the Kodak Company crushed. It means that, because of only relying on the innovation technology they had at first, the change shook all their firms. When a big company has achieved this much, there is little for the top management to work on. They relax on their previous achievement and forget to follow the very small firms behind them. This is what Kodak management did. B eing dump to these innovations failed the Kodak company. Another thing is that, disruptive innovation needs patience and investments. Incorporating a new technology in a big firm seems to sterilize development as a new technology would always be poor in performance where there is none else for comparison. However, this do not help the company to adjust to the risks and uncertainties that may come as a result of disruptive innovation. This is where the Kodak company failed. Negligence to chance was also a factor that contributed to the failure of Kodak. In the year 1995, Kodak engineer had developed a digital camera but the management paused the idea of implementing its services in digital film making. The company came to regret up to the year 21st century where digital photography had subdued the whole population. Other companies like the apple company which had brought about phones which had digital cameras had become the prestige for many people in America and outside continents. This can be attributed to the ignorance or negligence of the management to appreciate digital technology when it was very important. According to the principles of Innovators Dilemma, the technology can change because new innovations are made each day, but, to avoid the innovation dilemma, the value of the companys offers and product should not change. For Kodak, they changed (King and Baatartogtokh, 2015, p.77). The results were worse and embarrassing. Nokia company is one of the companies that are likely to fall in the next ten years if it doesnt change its way of doing things. Nokia company had been doing good in mobile phones manufacturing and sales. People in many countries liked the phones for their performance and durability. Very good and hard cover that protected the phone from damage. However, the company has started performing poorly for the last five years. It has faced a lot of competition from companies like Samsung which is the top most company in electronic mobile phones and Apple company. The problem rose from the company management whereby it experienced innovators dilemma in its products and services. The transition of technology, where companies introduced smart touch screen on phones in place of hardware keyboard left the Nokia phones backward in innovation. The company management seems to be reluctant on this aspect. It has settled for less and then endangering the lives The company is seen to lose its market power every time. The company has done another mistake that consumers criticize each day. Nokia smart phones are not like the other smart phones. They do not share some applications with other phones as it is in the case of other phones like Samsung, HTC and also RIM. Therefore, customers whose friends have different phones from Nokia cannot share applications. Another thing is that, Nokia phones use windows while many other smart phones use android. The company has been left too independent and unique, though not bad, the features in window Nokia phones are not in accordance to the price. An android Samsung phone will always be slightly lower in price than a Nokia phone with the same features but with a higher price. According to the theory of disruptive technology, the customers do not know exactly what they require but they are moved by the product they meet in the market (Gray and Vander Wal, 2014, p.104). Therefore, Nokia Corporation company should act towards this problem and have it glory back. The compatibility of its products, especially smart phones, the price and marketing policies of its smart phones should be revised and amended by the involved department for its future. For now, its graph is going down at a very sharp rate, of which it is very dangerous. References Christensen, C.M., Raynor, M.E. and McDonald, R., 2015. Disruptive innovation. Harvard Business Review, 93(12), pp.44-53. Gray, D. and Vander Wal, T., 2014. The connected company. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". King, A.A. and Baatartogtokh, B., 2015. How useful is the theory of disruptive innovation?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 57(1), p.77.

Makalah Mabim Aksi Essays - , Term Papers

Makalah Mabim Aksi Kajian BPJS Evaluasi Hasil Pelaksanaan Kebijakan BPJS dan Permasalahan Yang Dikeluhkaan Pengguna Oleh: Christian Hadi Asmoro (130210170023) ABSTRAK Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan satu dari sekian banyak hak dasar masyarakat yang sudah diadakan pemerintah sebagaimana sudah dicantumkan dalam UUD 1945 Pasal 28 H Ayat (1) yang berbunyi: " orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir batin, bertempat tinggal dan mendapat lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan". Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial saat ini terdiri dari BPJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan yang nantinya haruslah mencakup seluruh penduduk Indonesia dalam kurun waktu paling lambat 1 Januari 2019. Pelayanan BPJS Kesehatan saat ini memang masih banyak di keluhkan masyarakat sebagai penggunanya. Keluhan masyarakat dimulai dari pengurusan birokrasi, pendaftaran, hingga antrian yang cukup lama dan bahkan dari pembayarannya. Dari permasalahan yang ada, penulis bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasion a l (JKN) yang beririsan dengan hubungan stakeholder, model pembiaya an, dan outcome JKN dengan pendekatan secara kombinasi. Data yang digunakan dalam pembahasan ini , adalah data primer dan sekunder dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan Arip Suprian to dan Dyah Mutiarin, dalam jurnal "Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nas ional". Yang mengumpulkan data di daerah bantul dan menggunakan metode wawancara, kuosioner, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ada hubungan antara BPJS dengan Fasilitas Kesehatan yang diatur dalam Pp No.85 Tahun 2013 tentang kerja sama dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS selama ini berjalan cukup positif. terdapat 90 Fasilitas Kesehatan di Kabupaten Bantul yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS. Dari model pembiayaan asuransi kesehatan, dirasa sudah cukup ideal yang dinilai dari indek rata-rata sebesar 2.74 termasuk dalam kategori baik. Prinsip JKN salah satunya gotong-royong yang berarti saling membantu satu perserta kepada peserta lain. Sedangkan dari outcome JKN yang dinilai dari persentase terjaminnya kesehatan di Indonesia (52.5%) di provinsi D.I.Y. (64.6%) dan di Kabupaten Bantul (73%). Tinkat kesadaran masyarakat Kabupaten Bantul merepon positif dengan menjadi peserta BPJS. Pelayanan yang dijamin adalah pelayanan tingkat pertama dan tingkat lanjut yang diatur dalam Perpres No. 19 Tahun 2016. Dan biaya kesehatan yang ringan bagi masyarakat yang kurang mampu. Dari nilai indek rata-rata outcome JKN sebesar 3.06 masuk kategori baik yang bisa diartiakan bahwa program JKN mempunyai manfaat yang cukup baik bagi pesertanya. PENDAHULUAN A. LATAR BELAKANG Pelayanan kesehatan adalah salah satu hak mendasar masyarakat yang penyediannya wajib diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah sebagaimana telah diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Dasar 1945 pasal 28 H ayat (1) Setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan adalah suatu aktifitas yang bersifat tidak kasat mata (tidak dapat diraba) yang terjadi sebagai akibat adanya interaksi antara konsumen dengan kariawan atau hal-hal lain yang disediakan oleh perusahaan pemberi pelayanan yang dimaksudkan untuk memecahkan permasalahan konsumen atau pelanggan . Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Perpres Nomor 12 Tahun 2013 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Perubahan iuran jaminan kesehatan nasional untuk peserta pekerja bukan penerima upah dan peserta bukan pekerja. Perpres tentang naiknya iuran bagi para peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan tersebut ditetapkan Presiden Joko Widodo pada 29 Februari 2016. Tabel I Perubahan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Untuk Peserta Pekerja Bukan Penerima Upah dan Peserta Bukan Pekerja Ruang Perawatan Iuran Lama Iuran Baru Kelas I Rp 59.500 Rp 80.000 Kelas II Rp 42.500 Rp 51.000 Kelas III Rp 25.500 Rp 30.000 Sumber: Perpres 19 Tahun 2016 Pemerintah membatalka n kenaikan iuran BPJS Kesehatan untuk kelas III yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pres iden Nomor 19 Tahun 2016. Dalam Perpres terse but, iuran BPJS Kesehatan untuk kelas III akan dinaikkan dari Rp 25 .500 menjadi Rp 30.000. Setelah Pemerintah membatalkan ken aikan iuran BPJS Kesehatan maka besaran iuran yang dibayarkan bagi pemegang kartu kelas III sebesar Rp 25.500 . Pelayanan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan banyak yang dikeluhkan dan dipersoalkan masyarakat. Layanan Kesehatan milik pemerintah banyak dilaporkan kelembaga Ombudsman Republik Indonesia (ORI). Menurut Asisten ORI Perwakilan D. I. Yogyakarta (Bapak Jaka Susila Wahyuana) laporan keluhan tentang prosedur pelayanan BPJS Kesehatan cukup tinggi pada tahun 2015. Laporan yang masuk kelembaga Ombudsman Republik Indonesia (ORI) di antaranya dalam hal pengurusan birokrasi, pendaftaran, hingga antrian yang lam a dan juga terkait pembayarannya. Di Kabupaten Bantul

Significance of the 1920s free essay sample

The 1920s was a significant decade in American history. Some acknowledge the twenties as The Roaring Twenties and as a major period in the Progressive Era. Through that time many advancements have left a long lasting affect on American society. Some of these advancements include new innovative technologies and a major step up in womens social status. The automobile was one of the most innovative technologies of the era. First being manufactured in the late 1800s the automobile did not reach a high popularity until the twenties. The car has offered so much in America. The main thing the car did was provide a new mean of transportation. Before a persons way of getting around was by walking, wagon, or the rail roads. The car gave people the ability to travel further and go to anywhere they wanted to in there own personal vehicle. That was not the only thing the car offered. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of the 1920s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was not a thing for people to spend money but for people to gain money from it. The popularity of the car rising led to an increase for demand , opening many new jobs for many people who were in need of work. Henry Ford became a big entrepreneur and founded the assembly line. He found a way to produce mass products as well as a way to open many new jobs that paid pretty well. Cars just did not just open factory jobs but jobs for transportation, mechanics, gas stations, and many more. The car has changed the way people live as a way for people to go around and explore new things and places. The twenties had a major impact on women’s social status. Through time women have been oppressed by man and looked at to be inferior to them. That all changed with the start of the Seneca Falls Convention in the mid 1800. Elizabeth Cady Stanton wanted women to begin to take a stand for themselves and to fight for equality among the men. This sparked many future protest for womens rights. Their main goal was for womens suffrage giving them the power to be able to vote. With a strong will determination they acquired a major victory and won the right to vote through the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Womens social status changed as for they were able to become a major influence in the government. Along with gaining a voice in government, Women began to become open with themselves in society. The twenties introduced the flappers, which was a young woman who showed disdain for conventional dress and behavior. Women began to change their style of fashion and their way of living life. Before the twenties the main role of most woman in society was to stay at home and clean up their homes and provide cook food for the family, but in the twenties they began to go out and drink, smoke, and party. The modifications of the 1920‘s has permanently changed America. The automobile has grown even more popular and is almost in the homes of every American. Women still continue to fight for more equality and used to be looked as inferior to be more accepted in society.

crayfish essays

crayfish essays Crayfish are in the phylum Arthropod, and in the subphylum Crustacea. Arthropods have jointed appendages, segmented bodies, an exoskeleton, and a ventral nervous system. Arthropods have bilateral symmetry, and consist of 90% of the animal population ranging from spiders, to insects, to scorpions, to crayfish. Arthropods generally grow by molting their exoskeletons in a process called ecdysis. Movement of appendages is controlled primarily by a complex muscular system. There are 4 lines of evolution from arthropods: trilobite, crustacea, chelicerta, and uniramia. Crustacea includes approximately 30,000 species ofthis subphylum. Most are aquatic; of these, the majority are marine but some are found in fresh water. Members of the Subphylum include lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp, copepods, barnacles, and several other groups of organisms. All have two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandibles, a pair of compound eyes, and a pair of appendages on each body segment. Crustacea have har d exoskeletons containing calcium carbonate, and are smaller animals. Some examples are barnacles, sow bugs, or isopods. Crayfish have bodies separated into 2 sections-the cephalothorax, and the abdomen. Crayfish have and open circulatory system, and the heart pumps to 7 large vessels with a central nervous system. They live in freshwater environments, such as a pond, stream, or marsh. They are nocturnal, and are most active at night. Crayfish are considered scavengers, and eat insects, small fish, and plants. In this lab, they ate green beans, carrots, and for protein chicken. Their gills must be kept moist, but can stay our of water for short periods of time. Their social behavior is not classified as party animals. The most aggressive crayfish is usually the dominant one, who receives the most desirable territory. Aggression is natural behavior in crayfish either directed at each other or anything that resembles a threat. The obj...

Accessing bank data crime through the use of various information Dissertation

Accessing bank data crime through the use of various information technology in Saudi law - Dissertation Example However, the same has also led to a simultaneous rise in data crimes, and identity thefts have increased manifold. The ‘playing field’ for criminals has also widened, opening up newer avenues for committing virtual crimes; thus replacing unpleasant physical encounters with cyber crimes (Yusuf 2003). For instance, prior to the computerization of banks, most of the bank frauds or thefts involved armed robberies and breaking into banks causing physical injury to people and considerable damage to property. Today, the criminals use internet to break into customers’ accounts and steal their identities for withdrawing cash, thus only causing monetary damage. The tools available at the disposal of such criminals have also risen considerably with the advent of information technology, where frauds and thefts can easily be committed from the comforts of one’s own home (Forder, Quirk, 2001; Kono et al, 2002). The fact that computers and internet have made life easier f or customers in the banking sector, with services enabled through technology such as ATMs, internet banking, and bank by phone services, cannot be denied. However, at the same time, the complexities of bank-related crimes have also increased substantially and simultaneously. It has posed newer challenges for law enforcement agencies to monitor and control such crimes, making it practically mandatory for the law makers to enact new cyber laws; and their officers to gain and be proficient in computer science / forensics. As humans grow more and more dependent on technology, it is highly likely that computer related crimes would increase simultaneously (Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2007). Hence, the appropriate enactment and application of laws and effective use of technology are the only tools to combat and address such crimes with utmost efficiency. Furthermore, it is also equally important, rather imperative, for customers to understand and be aware of such crimes so as to secure their bank acc ounts from such fraudulent practices (Sathe, 1999; Salvatore, 2006; Jaffer, 2005; Laforet 2008; Dar and Presley 2003). This paper seeks to discuss, analyze and recommend ways to combat the challenges posed by technology enabled crimes within the banking sector, and use the same as an effective means of securing and preventing bank data thefts. Meaning and Definitions of key terms used: Data: According to Article 1 (3) of the Anti Cyber Crime Law, the term ‘data’ refers to â€Å"Information, commands, messages, voices, or images which are prepared or have been prepared for use in computers. This includes data which can be saved, processed, transmitted, or constructed by computers, such as numbers, letters, codes, etc.† Thus with reference to banks and for the purpose of this study, data thefts refers to the theft of all or any of the above mentioned data by use of information technology. Significance: This study would help in identifying the various ways in which data thefts occur in banks and raise awareness on the issue. Furthermore, it is intended to highlight the many ways in which technology can be used to counter such crimes, and address them through effective application of technology (Zheng and Ni, 2006). This study would also include various recommendations to reduce such thefts through network security; ensure greater protection of customers’ data by using tools which would prevent the cyber criminals from hacking and other similar ID related frauds. Thus, help the banks in improving its productivity as well as profitability by offering secure transactions. Scope of study: This study aims to highlight the

Stravinsky and Primitivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stravinsky and Primitivism - Essay Example Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer, pianist and also a conductor. He is considered to be one the most important composers during the early 20th century. His great reputation pushed through revolutionary boundaries of the musical design. His works and the works of other people from that period, mostly made use of traditional music forms. An example of this is the concerto Grosso, symphony and fugue (Bell 25). This was often to pay tribute to the form of music of the earlier masters like Tchaikovsky. Stravinsky’s professional life, which was at most in the 20th century, included many of the modern classical styles of music. Most composers who existed during his lifetime and those after were greatly influenced by him. He has the great desire to learn art, literature and life (Bell 25). Stravinsky was named as one of the truly epochal innovators of music. Aside from the technical innovations, which consisted of rhythm and harmony, the â€Å"changing face† of his compositional style was the most imperative feature of his work. It retained a distinctive and essential identity all the time. Primitivism is known in art as the style of works of self-trained artists who build up their talents in an imaginary manner, as in the paintings of Henri Rousseau and Grandma Moses. The phrase primitive has also been used to portray the style of time before American naive painters as Edward Hicks and has been practical to the art of the mixture of Italian and Netherland schools, which were formed before late 15th century. Recently, the term has incorporated the contemporary artists who research the earlier periods and the cultures far-off to their own like Robert Smithson and Joseph Beuys (Bell 25). Primitivism is a western art movement that has copied different visual forms from the non-western or the prehistoric peoples (Bell 25). The act of borrowing from primitive art has been very vital to the improvement of the modern art. For a long time, the de bate to get back to the basics and try to simplify things has been on. This looks at the advantages and disadvantages of simple verses a complicated life (Bell 25). The key elements of the overall primitivism as a basic function of art and development in and around the turn of the century will be articulated so as to be understood. Different art forms using principles of new developments and technologies In the modern society, with the new innovations, improved tools like computers have been incorporated in the basic art. Work of contemporary artists’ is evaluated using the computer and digital imagery by using a variety of formats. Many people are viewing these aspects of the modern technology to be complex and prefer to practice the earlier forms of art. The modern European and Euro American representational conventions are mostly inspired non western art and artifacts (Bell 25). This trend toward the greater use of technology as a creative tool will probably continue into the future, but with different forms (Bell 25). The reason behind this is due to the perspective that, individuals have on the technology that is now at hand. Technology has mostly made the work of the artists to be easy and simple, in terms of design and storage. Stravinsky’s use of motivic development, which is a repetition of different guises of musical figures throughout a composition, includes motivic development. This is essentially where notes are added or subtracted to a motif regardless of the consequent changes in metre. The same technique can be seen being used in the 16th century. For example, this is depicted in the music of Orlandus lassus, Carlo Gesualdo and Roe Cipriano (Hiller 56). Stravinsky maybe the only great composer, who managed to come up with a

Weapons proliferation and conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weapons proliferation and conflict - Essay Example The last one is Type IV that now entails the spread of WMD into other nations such as theft of Pakistan of nuclear secrets from Holland. The government is in a social dilemma when tasked to either spend on guns or butter. This is because spending only on guns has both potential benefits but also grave pitfalls. The benefits involve security of a country’s borders because the armed forces are better armed. Additionally, the presence of prestige is a motivating factor for with guns instead of butter. However, too many guns in the wrong hands increases violence as noted in the US. It equally distracts the government from spending on the most important things (Khan 134). I think the best approach involves giving the citizens more butter and not guns because it is enhance their lives. I think the Barefoot Gen film serves as a testament of the atrocities that war causes to vulnerable civilians. By basing its story on Hiroshima, it challenges our consciousness to stop war at all

Successful Enterprises as Means for Economic Growth

Successful Enterprises as Means for Economic Growth Comparative Study of Polish Regions Podkarpacie and Dolnoslaskie Research Question How can unsuccessful entrepreneurship of a region affect the economic growth of two Polish regions, Podkarpackie and Dolnoslaskie? State of the Art The aim of this research project is to find out how unsuccessful entrepreneurship of a region affects the economic growth of Polish provinces. In Polish language the word province is used interchangeably with the word region. In this proposal the word region refers to administrative unit, an entity of governance within a state (Van Langenhove, 2013). Poland is divided to 16 regions, some of which, for example the regions forming the Eastern wall are not as well of as the central region Mazowieckie, in which Warsaw, the capital is situated, or the other regions at the western border of Poland, such as Dolnoslaskie. According to analysis of Statistical Center in Rzeszow (2009), the synthetic measure defining the level of economic development of territorial governance units (regions) is gross domestic product per capita. The Raport Poland 2011 published by the Ministry of Regional Development (MRD) in Poland (2011) presents results gathered by Central Statistical Office (Glowny Urzad Statystyczny, GUS) which show that the real growth of Polish economy between years 2000 and 2010 was as large as 46 percent, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the European Union (MRD, 2011). However, the inequalities between the wealthiest and the poorest region have deepened as well. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the most active region was at the beginning of year 2000 more than 9 times higher than in the weakest region. After ten years this disparity grew up until almost 11 times higher (MRD, 2011). The disparities in GDP per capita, on the other hand were in year 2000, two times higher in the wealthiest region than in the poorest region and grew up to two and a half times higher by the year 2010 (MRD, 2011). Shares of individual provinces in GDP in 2012 varied significantly from 2.1% in Opole region to 22.7% in the region Mazowieckie (in 2011, from 2.1% to 22.4% in the same regions)(GUS, 2014). Studies of Statistical Centre in Rzeszow (2009) show that regional GDP and the amount of income attributable to the disposal of per capita situatePodkarpackie region on one of the last positions in the European Union, except for Bulgarian and Romanian regions. The regional GDP per capita in 2012 was at the level of 27 719 zÅ‚ in the province of Podkarpackie (67.0% of the average country) to 68299 zÅ‚ in Mazowieckie (165.0% of the national average) (GUS, 2014). These studies provide quantitative evidence on disparities in economic growth between Polish regions, however they are missing the reasons for these gaps in regional economic growth. According to measures by GUS (2014) Mazowieckie is clearly the wealthiest and most attractive region in terms of living, working or investing, thus the disparities in economic growth between this region and the regions in the East of Poland are much higher. Witold Czudec (2013) from Portal for Innovative Trasfre of Knowledge in Science (PITWIN) has conducted a comparative study of competiveness of regions of Eastern Poland and the central region Mazowieckie. However, Mazowickie is the region pulling most of the investors as well as wealthy residents which may be a cause of research bias. In order to avoid the bias in this study Mazowieckie is left out. Instead, the two regions that will be compared in this research are the region Podkarpackie, situated at the south-eastern border of the country and the region Dolnoslaskie, at the western border of Poland (see map). The GDP per capita of region Podkarpackie in years 2008-2010 amounted in approximately 24070PLN, which is equivalent to 5775 euros and GDP per capita, in the same period of time of region Dolnoslaskie was approximately 38708PLN, which is equivalent to 9318 euros (GUS, 2012). The regional economic development, can be defined as quantitative and structural development entities engaged in the economic activity of the region, which should be identified by the improvement and introduction of new products and services, expanding markets, upgrading of technology, investing , increasing employment and production efficiency , and the strengthening of the company’s financial actions (Sztando, 2000). According to Andrzej Sztando’s thoughts the area of economic growth is therefore based on individual entities and manifests itself in achieving a high level of efficiency and its constant increasing over time. While each company is an entity extracted from the environment in terms of legal, organizational and economic activities. However, isolation of an entity does not mean gaining independence from its surroundings. The survival and development of the individual entity depends on existing external conditions and those that will occur in the future. In t urn, by increasing the efficiency of individual companies, sectors, cities and regions, increase their efficiency and consequently the efficiency of the whole country (Sztando, 2000). Basing on the thoughts of Sztando, it has been concluded that at least one of the reasons for fast economic growth within a region is successful entrepreneurship. However, Sztando does not present concrete examples, for example by involving regional data in his study. Therefore this research will be concentrated on impact of entrepreneurship on regions, by focusing on two Polish regions as concrete examples. In the era of globalization, regionalization and departing from classical approach of degrading the role of industrial policy in favor of regional policy, the importance of research on entrepreneurship in regions and cities increases. Increasing number of research institutes and academic centers dealing with regional development is a proof of interest in this field. Studies conducted by them focus primarily on those aspects of the development of entrepreneurship (competitiveness, accumulation of wealth which is seen as indicator of economic development), which are stimulated by appropriate regulation of regional policy and socio-economic policy of the country, for example, tax policy, regulation of labour code, etc. (Platonoff et al., 2001). A research project conducted at University of Szczecin (Platonoff et al., 2001) analyzes and evaluates the economy of the city Szczecin and looks at the condition of entrepreneurial entities in the city and their impact on city’s economy. The study and its results are attention-grabbing and give a great insight to the economy of Szczecin and impact of entrepreneurship, however it is focused only on one city in the West of Poland. Thus basing on this research, it is interesting to conduct a similar kind of study in regions with one of the slowest growing economies in Poland, Podkarpackie region, and in one with fastest growing economy (right after Mazowieckie), which is Dolnoslaskie, in order to find out how unsuccessful entrepreneurship of a region affects the economic growth of Polish provinces. Objectives The current situation of Poland is quite difficult. On the one hand, the businesses are not liquid enough, they do not expand and go bankrupt more often. On the other hand, the Polish government does not have sufficient financial resources to cover basic needs for health, education, construction roads, etc. and many others. Businesses pay attention to too high taxes, and officials are looking for ways to enlarge their meet increasing social needs (Platanoff et al, 2001). Moreover, it has been observed that in bad times weak regions become worse. Weak regions do not have any mechanisms for immunizing: they are not competitive, they are not productive, they do not operate on a global market , they have diversified economy that would facilitate a soft landing (Maciejewicz, 2013). This perpetuates the division between the less prosperous Poland B, covering the eastern regions of the country and better developed Poland A, with the western and central regions. The latest GUS findings show that the gap between Poland A and Poland B deepened , even though the weaker regions received a remarkable sum of EU funds worth millions of Euros in order to help them to mobilize the regional operational programs . The per capita payments to the eastern provinces in 2007-2012 were significantly higher than those of Western . In addition, five provinces of the eastern wall had to use an additional pool of 2.4 billion euro allocated for the equal opportunities of developm ent (Tomaszkiewicz Kowalski, 2014). Regions of Eastern Wall of Poland are in the circle of slow economic development and one of the main reasons for that is inhibiting the development of entrepreneurship. For example, low income and high costs result in no or a low gross profit, and this in turn, lead to lack or low amount of money obtainable from taxes. Low budget revenues from taxes impede the development of infrastructure which would support entrepreneurship within the regions (for example: highways, health, education , promotion of the region in the world and other procedures established by the local and national authorities ). This leads to decreasing profits of individual companies which in turn restrain their development (lack of sufficient funds for investment, training staff, finding new customers, research and marketing , etc.), resulting in lower quality of the offered products or services and a decrease in their domestic and international competitiveness. In addition, low salaries of employees reduce their purchasing power by limiting the demand. Consequently, the reduction in the number of transactions has a negative effect on the revenues of companies causing depletion of other actors in the economic chain. This results in low competitiveness, thus slow economic growth of a region (Platonoff et al, 2001). Composition of Economy of Podkarpacie The gross value added (GVA) in Podkarpacie is composed of following shares: trade (29.46 %), followed by industry (27.02 %) and services (25.8 %). Construction (8.28 %) is also of a great importance in the economy of the region , which is traditionally considered one of the major sectors of the economy of the region. Slightly more than 7 % of GVA generates financial and insurance activities . Agriculture, forestry , hunting and fishing occupy the last place among the sections that shapes the GVA of Podkarpacie (Marshal Office of Podkarpacie (MOP), 2011). In the region of Podkarpacie at the end of 2012, there were just over 155 thousand registered entrepreneurial entities (including more than 148 thousand in the privte sector) , which accounted for 3.9 % of entities registered in the whole country. In spite of being close to reaching the national average of small and medium-sized enterprises ( SMEs) in the total number of enterprises , the companies of the Podkarpackie region absorb a much smaller share of labour force than any other Polish regions. While in Poland this percentage is 50 % it is only 40 % in Podkarpackie. In the case of micro-enterprises , this percentage is only 37 %. These proportions indicate the weakness of the SME sector in the region (MOP, 2011). Composition of Economy in Dolnoslaskie The GVA of Dolnoslaskie is generated mainly by the service sector (60%) , including 45.7% of market services, this is followed by industry (32%), and agriculture (2.2%) (GUS, 2014) . In the region of Dolnoslaskie in 2008, the average employment in the enterprise sector amounted up to 418.8 thousand people, and was higher than in the corresponding period of the previous year by 6.4%. At the same time, in terms of national employment in the enterprise sector increased by 4.8 percent. According to the data from the Central Statistical Office in 2008, on average 89,7% of labour force involved in enterprise sector was employed by the private sector in Dolnoslaskie. Employment in the private sector increased by 7.4 percent compared to the previous year (amounting to 375.6 thousand . Persons), public sector employment fell by 1.4 percent (amounting to 43.2 thousand persons). Average number of employees compared to the previous year increased by 5 percent (GUS, 2008). The Main Objectives of the Project The cognitive goal of the project is to: Make the diagnosis of effectiveness of management processes in business entities in context of their entrepreneurial potential in Podkarpackie and Dolnoslaskie. Develop proposals for rationalization of these processes and consequently, to stimulate the entrepreneurship in Podkarpackie. The scientific goal of the project is to: Develop model assumptions in order rationalize the management process in business entities Finally, the practical goals of the project are mainly to: Prepare reliable information on the economic condition of Podkarpackie and Dolnoslaskie on micro and macro scale Shape effective policy instruments and strategies for the support of regional business entities (mainly in Polkarpackie) Methodology: Possibilities for the development of entrepreneurship, and thus sources of wealth of region’s economy, should not only be looked at in macroeconomic parameters (cost of labour, the level of interest rates, the value of the national currency, etc.), but also in regional settings (resourceful and effective use of different opportunities, predisposition for progress and collaboration between different actors) and microeconomic parameters (differences in management of companies) (Platonoff et al, 2001). The starting point for establishment of a regional development program is to understand the economic potential rooted in economic operators and analyzing the main problems that hinder their functioning and growth. The potential of entrepreneurship lies in the individual business entities. First, a researching team has to be recruited. The research team will be composed of academic staff and students from two major universities in studied regions, Rzeszow University in Podkarpackie and University of Wroclaw in Dolnoslaskie. In the first phase of the research a representative sample of entrepreneurial entities in the region has to be collected, since studying the whole population entails high costs related to large amount of staff members and a long period of time in order to collect the data. Since the whole population is not studied, a proper sample size needs to be decided upon in order to assure a representative sample. 1550 enterprises from Podkarpackie region and 4188 enterprises from Dolnoslaskie region are to be selected, representing 1% of the entire population of each of the regions. By random selection of the sample it is meant that in the collection process each unit has the same probability of getting into the sample. After conducting randomized sampling, the business entities must be divided into categories by sizes of enterprises, that is micro, small, medium and large sized enterprises, as well as, into and profile of activity (construction, trade, manufacturing, agriculture and services) Bibliography Beata Tomaszkiewicz, Janusz K. Kowalski (2014) Bogate region uciekaja biednym, Forsal, Retrieved on 30.3.2014 from: http://m.forsal.pl/makroekonomia/bogate-regiony-uciekaja-biednym-polska-wschodnia-rozwija-sie-coraz-wolniej Macjejewicz, P. (2013), PogÅ‚Äâ„ ¢biajƦ siÄâ„ ¢ rà ³Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¼nice pomiÄâ„ ¢dzy najbogatszym a najbiedniejszym regionem w Polsce, Gazeta Wyborcza. Retrieved on 30.3.2014 from: http://wyborcza.pl/1,75248,13101621,Poglebiaja_sie_roznice_pomiedzy_najbogatszym_a_najbiedniejszym.html#ixzz2xeeEaLzh Platonoff, A.L.,Sysko-RomaÅ„czuk, S., Burlita, A., CypryjaÅ„sk, J., Dobrodziej, B., Gos, W., Iwin, J., Markowicz, I., MiÅ‚aszewicz, D., NarÄâ„ ¢kiewicz, J., Gadomska, K., Putek, E., Ruta, M., Siwy, A., UrbaÅ„ski, P., Wizner, A., Zobel, A. (2001). Research report: Ogà ³lna diagnoza szczeciÅ„skich przedsiÄâ„ ¢biorstw, University of Szczecin Czudec, W. (2013), Konkurencyjnosc regionow Polski Wschodniej, Pitwin Retrieved on 30.3.2014 from: http://www.pitwin.edu.pl/attachments/1053_019%20czudec.pdf Statistical Center in Rzeszow (2009), ANALIZA ROZWOJU SPOÃ…Â ECZNO—GOSPODARCZEGO WOJEWÓDZTWA PODKARPACKIEGO W LATACH 1999—2008, Analizy statystyczne Marshal Office of Podkarpackie – Departament of Strategy and Planning (2011) ‘’Monitoruj Podkarpackie†, retrieved on April 1st 2014, from http://monitoruj.podkarpackie.pl/gospodarka-regionu/ http://monitoruj.podkarpackie.pl/przedsiÄâ„ ¢biorczoņºÃƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬ ¡/

Julius Caesar Essay -- essays papers

Julius Caesar William Shakespeare has written many plays that touched millions of people throughout the centuries. His works are still the most controversial ones favored by many Literature critics because his plays generate spontaneous debates on issues such as friendship, revenge, human ambitions and moralities that lead to dynamic discussion among people. In the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, friendship vs. duty is one of the major themes that is developed. One's struggle over the choice between friendship and duty is depicted through the main character, Brutus, as he battles himself to choose between his duty to carry out people's will and his own conscious hitting on his faithfulness to his best friend Caesar. Although Brutus himself was skeptical if he made the right decision, he joins the conspiracy that plans for the murder of their leader Julius Caesar. The tragic aspect of the play Julius Caesar is that even though Brutus ‘s motives were immaculate, his fear toward Caesar's ambition, Cassius' persuasion, and his tragic flaw, idealism deluded him to make a tragic mistake of assassinating Caesar. While human ambition is considered an important requirement in achieving one's goal, it often leaves negative impressions to others. People do fear ambitious men because strong desire often leads to selfishness and dictatorship. As Caesar's popularity became more evident, his fellow officers and the nobles were worried that people of Rome might crown Caesar. As early as Act 1 scene one, two tribunes of Rome, Flavius and Marullus show concerns toward a possibility of a new dictatorship in Rome and remind themselves of their duty to protest against such power exercised by one person. Not surprisingly, the rumors of Ca... ...dealism. His tragic flaw, idealism, makes him to make initial decision, arrived at with such difficulty, that Caesar has to die. Brutus is wrong. Yet when we read carefully, the soliloquy in the garden, it becomes obvious that Brutus is deceiving himself. He confesses that he has "no personal cause" to fear Caesar and furthermore, that he has never known of potential of tyranny in Caesar. His honor and nobility were manipulated by Cassius and at the end, he finishes his life tragically by suiciding. The tragedy of Brutus lies here. Not that he attempted to free the republic of Rome from a tyrannous dictator and was killed in the action; but that, with the best of motives, he was responsible for the murder of Caesar.) (Mowant, P. 23 - 25) " Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever lived in the tide of times." (Shakespear, Act 3, scene 1, 256 - 257)

Information Technology in Healthcare Essay

Information technology has undoubtedly played important role of transforming the operation, management and the overall performance of many organizations. Similarly, it’s expected that information technology would show more or less same impact of results in the healthcare organizations. That is, the employment of IT system in the provision of health care services will mitigate the quality of service provision in the industry. Generally, the term â€Å"quality† is used not in its simplest form but has been used in its complex form, which is primarily meant to incorporate improvement of the functioning of the different healthcare departments together with the affiliated organizations which form part or participate in one way or another in the process of delivering health care service (Berg, 2001). Despite the fact that there has been increased investment in the healthcare industry, recent research has shown that the consumption of IT services/products is far much less in the healthcare industry as compared with the consumption rate of organizations in other sectors. Moreover, the large world population in developed countries or states like in the UK, USA among others access to high-quality healthcare services. While it’s known that not all individuals in the developed nations are well up, the poor and the middle class group experience a lot of obstacles as they endeavor to access healthcare services and their related products such as acquisition of healthcare insurance cover and payment of hospital bills. With the low consumption rate of the IT services by the healthcare organizations in most developed nations, this has led to provisions of meager services to the poor, but it’s postulated changing to intensive IT consumption would mitigate the situation (Fournier, 2003). Significance of Using EMR system There are several reasons for the embracing of IT systems in the healthcare industry. Depending on different perspective of the focus, the use IT system has been used to bring an evolution in the healthcare provision. Like in other industries dealing with provisions of services and products different from those of healthcare industry, the implementation of IT services in the healthcare sector is aimed at bringing an evolution both in the performance and quality of the services delivered to the consumers. For the last two or three decades back, many organizations have put more efforts in the funding of healthcare service provision, in order to have a change from the traditional record keeping practices. The adoption of the E-recording has thus been viewed as major step towards achieving a greater improvement in the healthcare overall performance. The consumption of IT services though is at low rates, the benefit accrued from the few ways in which it has been absorbed is enormous. In the area of medical records and record keeping, healthcare industry is adopting to the IT system to solve the problem of complexity in their system. First and foremost, the utilization of IT systems in medical record and recording reduces the time of production, spaces and transfer duration, thus leading to overall decrease in the expenditure cost of the record management (Berg, 2001). Facility evaluation The EMR facility is a sophisticated instrument which comprises of different parts for the accomplishment of the recording and storage of healthcare data and information. The equipment’s components include both computer hardware as well as software that support its data processing, storage operations and management. The major physical parts of the facility are the CPU together with its accessory components, while the non-physical component included the operating software and the special EMR software, which permit the performance of multiples tasks of healthcare. The special software is an advanced one which enables data entry through use of clicks, reducing the amount of keyboard typing. This means that the EMR facility supports the input of enormous data into the healthcare records with ease. The advanced software not only wires information in the word formats but it also supports the use of the imagery or photographic works, meaning that it’s a complete storage system of healthcare information. Cost of EMR system The EMR system is a model that occupies the least space in data storage systems. Though it has a multi-task purpose, the costs perhaps is at moderate rate. EMR costs are computed from the various variables or components which are needed in the implementation of the system within an organization. The costs of implementing EMR are identified in two classes, viz the purchasing and installation system cost and the maintenance cost. Usually, prior to the installation of the EMR system, the CPU and computer accessories must be purchased. Additionally, the clinicians and physician are without the knowledge of developing the superior software which allows the carrying out of the various functions of data storage and processing. Currently, the prices of a computer range from $ 7000 to &7500, while the software prices are estimated in the range of $`1000 to $1500 which are inclusive of the license charges. The grant installation expenses of the hardware and the software within the healthcare premise is approximated at $ 3500, but this quote is not inclusive of the implementation expenses which incorporates the costs incurred during the adoption of the new systems. A part from the equipment and software costs, other indirect expenses are incurred in the courses of running the systems: the maintenance costs which are at about $ 2000 per annum (Fournier, 2003). Regulation implications The utilization of the EMR systems in hospitals will have great impacts on the regulation and management of information within the healthcare provider organizations. Among the anticipated outcomes is that the use of this system would save time taken in retrieving patient’s information as well as hasten transferring of the information to any other organization or party where it’s needed. By doing so, both insurance organizations and organizations acting as referral healthcare services providers will have broader based of the assessment the patient’s health progress. While this system employed Electronic signatures that are unique, it’s a practice that reduces the risks associated with the heavy use of personalized signatures that can change with time or maybe forgotten. Barriers to EMR systems As revealed in a number of healthcare organization that have endeavored to install the new EMR system in their organization, there are several challenges are generally faced by firms implementing the system. According to the disclosed information, the initial outlay or capital is extremely high to be met within the current budget on healthcare development. The lean budgetary range bars the purchase of crucial and basic equipments such as power backups to ensure data inputs and output operations are not halted due blackouts or brown out that adversely affect the quality of service delivery. Considering that most have workers have been used to the old system of paper work, it’s undoubtedly overt that most of them will be disturbed of the implementation of the system (Miller, 2004). The employment of EMR system mean that much work would be accomplished by a few clinicians and physician workers, a case that actually acts as a threat to job security for some of the employees. To take the full benefits of the systems, it’s very important for the training of the staffs, particularly to empower them in the use of installed system. This calls for the payment of the training service from external organization/firms as the organization has got no training personnel with the required knowledge, experience and proficient of the installed system. The hiring of the new trainers is not ease as their cost falls out of the current budget. The handling of the new system of EMR also demands the use of shared devices such as serves, which implies that the company would have to hire additional staff to maintain the networks and the servers. Fraud and waste issues The implementation of the EMR systems within the organization has the ability of curbing certain problems experienced in the course of management and activity accomplishment. Usually, most of the organization depending on the traditional paper work recording depicted a lot of movements from one place to another. This indicates poor integration or communication between individuals at different departments. Sometimes, this increases the duration of the patient’s stay within the healthcare facility. Thus, the employment of the EMR system reduces the waste of healthcare facilities by eliminating or reducing many personnel movements, meanwhile leading to improvement on patient’s safety and general service delivery. Though EMR systems is appealing way of improving the clinicians and physicians work effectiveness, high risks on privacy and confidence are associated with this kind of system. System hacking together with ease of reproducing the data in this system acts as the greatest threat to the use of the methodology (Miller, 2004) EMR Implementation The following are steps of implementing an EMR system: †¢ Selection of the most suitable EMR to be adopted by the organization †¢ Compose a lead team to campaign for the EMR system †¢ Generate an implementation plan †¢ List/choosing the required equipments and software †¢ Training the organization’s staffs †¢ Select security provider to the data/ information sites †¢ Input the selected data of interest Timeline The first day will be the discussion on the redundancy experienced within the organizations so as to determine the appropriate EMR system. The second day will be formation of a steering team that would work together towards ensuring success of the project. Third will be generation of a list of items: equipments and software that would be used. Then, this will be followed by the installation of the system that would take a bout a week. This will run concurrently with the training of the staff members on the new system though the training will be extended by another week for practical skill acquisition.

Healthcare Technology †Advancements in Nursing

Healthcare Technology – Advancements in Nursing Free Online Research Papers The medical field comprises a vast base of knowledge. Computer storage serves as the best way to house all this information. There are many types of computers that can help with diagnosing illnesses, doing procedures to treat illnesses, and even helping to reduce the degree of invasive procedures during testing. Many facilities are also switching from handwriting patient information logs to computerized patient logs. Including computers in each patient’s room to have their entire file readily available and easily accessible to retrieve and record new patient information. There are more computers than I can name that are used for medical purposes. With many of these we are able to provide many types of tests that can save lives and help in early detection of illnesses. Some include: Ultrasound, MRI and CT, Mammograms, and EKG. Computers in the medical field have made such advancement, particularly in nursing. With such a shortage of nurses, hospitals are trying to find a way to improve the efficiency of their nurses. More and more hospitals across the country are now using mobile computers. These mobile computers are also know as COWS (computers on wheels). Hospitals are using these mobile computers as the nurses station. By using the computers, nurses have access to all their patients information, medical records, diagnostic equipment, barcode scanners, etc. This cuts down on time they would otherwise use to run around gathering this information. Nurses have begun using computers to assess patients on point of admission in the privacy of the patients room. While the patients is being assessed, the nurse is able to see previous admissions, pertinent medical information, medication, and doctors’ notes. Using the computer also gives the nurse more time to spend with her patient. After the initial assessment, nurses can also use the computer to begin writing a plan of care, record interventions and outcomes, and communicate the information to other departments. Another great aspect of using the computer, is the elimination of trying to read illegible handwriting. Once a doctors orders is in the computer the nurse is able to clearly read them and dictate to the patient. This cuts down on time spent paging the doctor and waiting for a call back simply to clarify an order. This also helps to get medication doses correct. Medication errors are also being reduced due to the use of computers. Most hospitals are now using bar code scanners while administering medication. The nurse scans the patients armband, then scans the barcode on the medication. If the medication is not for that patient, an alert will come across the computer screen. Or sometime a patient is prescribed a new medication that cannot be taken with another. Most of the computer systems have this information so another alert will come up of this is the case. There are a few disadvantages of using a computer. If there is a problem with the computer system that causes it to go offline then it delays the nurse in all she needs to do, give medication, chart, etc. In conclusion, computers have made so many improvements in the medical field. There is more time spent with the patient instead of charting. The computer can flag unsafe medications, providing medication safeguards. Quick return of lab results is another advantage because all the results will be stored in the computer. Using the computer for e-mail, consults, etc, will shorten wasted time and improve communication between departments. Discharge instructions can be given to the patient as an easy to read list tailored to their diagnosis and needs instead of the old-fashioned paper with notes scribbled across the bottom. Most importantly, the use of computers improves the quality of patient care. The are not really any disadvantages to using computers, but one has to remember, the computer is only as good as the person entering information into it. WORKS CITED Eggland, Ellen Thomas â€Å"Using Computers to Document.† Nursing 27.1 (2007) MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO Lippencott, Williams Williams â€Å"Using Computers to speed up the nursing process.† Nursing 32.8 (2008): 70. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO â€Å"Medicine Meets the Computer† Wilson Quarterly; Summer 2009, Vol.33 Issue 3, p 83-84 Research Papers on Healthcare Technology - Advancements in NursingArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalStandardized TestingGenetic EngineeringThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Free Essays on Intellectual Property

Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Outline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Term Paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Copyrights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 What are These Rights Why Copyrights History of Copyrights Ownership of Copyright Registration of Copyright Theft of Copyright Sony Corporation of America v. Universal Studios Internet Piracy Patents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Why Patents Patents Duties And Rights History of Patents Ownership of Patents Registration of Patents Criteria for Registering a Patent Switzer v. Marzall Trademarks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 Trademark Rights Why Trademarks Ownership of Trademarks Registration of a Trademark Criteria For Registering a Trademark Walt Disney v. GoTo.com Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...23 Abstract This paper shall discuss the three basic types of intellectual property in details. These three types are Copyrights, Patents and Trademarks. For each type, it shall investigate its meaning, its significance, history, and all legal aspects and rights associated with it. Also, for each type, a case study is discussed for the purpose of illustration. Outline 1. Copyrights  · What are These Rights  · Why Copyrights  · History of Copyrights  · Ownership of Copyright  · Registration of Copyright  · Theft of Copyright  · Sony Corporation of America v. Universal Studios  · Internet Piracy 2. Patents  · Why Patents  · Patents Duties And Rights  · Hi... Free Essays on Intellectual Property Free Essays on Intellectual Property Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Outline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Term Paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Copyrights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 What are These Rights Why Copyrights History of Copyrights Ownership of Copyright Registration of Copyright Theft of Copyright Sony Corporation of America v. Universal Studios Internet Piracy Patents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Why Patents Patents Duties And Rights History of Patents Ownership of Patents Registration of Patents Criteria for Registering a Patent Switzer v. Marzall Trademarks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 Trademark Rights Why Trademarks Ownership of Trademarks Registration of a Trademark Criteria For Registering a Trademark Walt Disney v. GoTo.com Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...23 Abstract This paper shall discuss the three basic types of intellectual property in details. These three types are Copyrights, Patents and Trademarks. For each type, it shall investigate its meaning, its significance, history, and all legal aspects and rights associated with it. Also, for each type, a case study is discussed for the purpose of illustration. Outline 1. Copyrights  · What are These Rights  · Why Copyrights  · History of Copyrights  · Ownership of Copyright  · Registration of Copyright  · Theft of Copyright  · Sony Corporation of America v. Universal Studios  · Internet Piracy 2. Patents  · Why Patents  · Patents Duties And Rights  · Hi...

Apple's SWOT Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple's SWOT Analysis - Term Paper Example It is one of the largest technology companies in the world (David B. Yoffie, Renee Kim, 2010). A strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the company reveals a lot of issues surrounding the business operations, its resources and its environment. It is worth to investigate all these issues if a person wants to invest in any company. This is because the tool provides information that can be used by investors to predict the company’s operational trends, its financial viability and its markets before investing in it (USDA, 2008). Apple Company has so many strengths that put it ahead of its competitors. The first strength is its brand such that it was rated the best global brand in 2010 by Millward brown Optimor. It increased in value by 84% to $153.3 billion. Its customers are also loyal to apple such that they tend to forgive the company’s product problems. This is a huge strength that most companies strive to get and fail (Millward brown Optimor, 2 011). A second strength is demand; apple’s products are of high demand especially the iTunes that has given the company a huge number of registered users already secured by credit cards. The popularity of its products that have become common street names has increased the demand for its products too (David B. Yoffie, Renee Kim, 2010). A third strength is the design and innovativeness in the products they produce. Apples products aesthetic values keeps their customers glued to the company despite the fact that the products are of premium pricing. On the other hand apple’s products have a unique design that allows consumers to be up and running even without reading product manuals, due to this aspect they have set the standards for design which other companies must follow to outwit them (Stefan Thomke, 2009). The fourth strength is its marketing approach; apple was awarded the title of Marketer of the decade by Advertising Age. It was the first firm to ever receive this title. The company has been able to influence the media, the advertising industry and popular culture through its innovative techniques and marketing approaches that puts it on the fore front as a marketing powerhouse (Appleinsider , 2010). The last strength that can be identified is Apple’s retail stores that are located in many countries. These retail stores ensure that the come continues to receive revenue without having to rely on new product developments. Apple has a few weaknesses that affect the company in its day to day operations though the strengths identified above seem to outweigh the weaknesses. The first weakness is the delay that was especially experienced on iPads. There were shipping problems with the products and also the companies are always put on waiting lists in order to receive products which delay and come with numerous other problems. The second weakness has to do with the way the company reacts to complaints from customers. Most of the time it, will deny the existence of a problem on their products and later come to correct. This was experienced especially with the iPhone 4G that had a problem with its antennae. The problem was corrected later after a long period of accusing customers of mishandling the phones (D.Burton, 2010 ). The third weakness has to do with compatibility issues. Apple has been very protective of the kind of applications to be developed

Impact National Culture on Leadership Traits and Behaviors Essay

Impact National Culture on Leadership Traits and Behaviors - Essay Example The following are the leadership traits and behaviors that may negatively impact organizational effectiveness in multinational companies: dictatorial, non-cooperative, non-explicit, irritable, egocentric, cruel/ruthless and loner. A dictatorial leader imposes strict commands and orders without leaving any space for dialogue or understanding (Hofstede, 2011). A non-cooperative leader is one who does not show elements of teamwork or support in the company activities. A non-explicit leader is not open but prefers carrying out his or her roles confidentially (Hofstede, 2011). He or she prefers when everything is kept back from the rest of the members, especially subordinates. Irritable leaders are short-tempered and are associated with recurrent instances of disputes and unreasonable ways of thinking. According to Hofstede (2011), egocentric leaders are careless of the feelings of others and are associated with self-centered and insensitive decisions, which leave other people socially hu rt and distressed. Cruel/ruthless leaders are unpleasant and unkind management groups who lead others mercilessly and at times brutally. A loner is a leader who prefers being secluded from the rest of the members. Additionally, loners mostly fail to associate with others (Hofstede, 2011). Yes, I believe that multinational managers must understand the subordinate expectations in order to lead effectively. Subordinate expectations are â€Å"expectations regarding what leaders â€Å"should† do and what they may or may not do† (Cullen & Parboteeah (2014, p. 663). Therefore, understanding subordinate expectations help in delivering exactly what is required in a multinational company. For a country with high power distance, I would recommend an autocratic leadership. High power distance countries are associated with dominant individualism and human rights.  Ã‚  

Schumpeter''s Theory of Creative Destruction Term Paper

Schumpeter''s Theory of Creative Destruction - Term Paper Example The phrase as used by Schumpeter has very little similarity with the one that was used by Marx. Therefore, the phrase became popular within the neo-liberal and free-market economics as it was employed to describe processes like downsizing in order to enhance the efficacy and dynamism of an organization. Therefore, creative destruction can be described as a process whereby something new results in the destruction of what had been in existence before it. The phrase is employed in a number of areas like economics, development of products, corporate governance as well as marketing and technology. For instance, creative destruction in product development is almost similar to disruptive technology and a common example is the smartphone that has ended the life of the regular phone, mp3 players, cameras and watches among other devices in the market. In relation to marketing, creative destruction can be identified in the advertising campaigns that focus new and lucrative markets while risking alienation of the markets that had been in existence. According to the theory development by Schumpeter, creative destruction will result in consequent failure of capitalism as an economic system, but in the present business use, the phrase refers denotes unpleasant options that are perceived necessary for sustainability. In regard to business, the corporate executives regularly describe solutions to reduce costs that are not popular with the rest of the employees such as downsizing and outsourcing as form of creative destruction. The consequence of this is that even though these actions may be considered as injurious particularly to the affected employees, the business will be transformed for the better. This paper seeks to understand the theory that was developed by Schumpeter concerning creative destruction and it has affected capitalism in the current economy. Schumpeter’s main message is that the

Kant Metaphysical Exposition of Space Essay Example for Free

Kant Metaphysical Exposition of Space Essay Kant: Explain and asses what you think to be the best argument Kant gives as his Metaphysical Exposition of Space (B37-40) that space cannot be either and actual entity (Newtonian concept) or any independent relation among real things (Leibnizian concepti be on). In other words, is he successful in arguing that space must be (at least) a form of intuition? Do any of his arguments further show that space must be ONLY a form of intuition and not ALSO something Newtonian or Leibnizian? In his Metaphysical Exposition of Space, Kant attempts to show that the experience of space is just a form of intuition. Kant defines space as that of which we sense out side of us, in comparison to our mind, which is our inner sense. This outer sense of space, he claims, is known only to us because we have a intuitive sense of there being space in the first place. Kant asserts this argument in direct response to two other claims about the nature of space. The Newtonian concept of space holds that space is an entity existing in its own right, with objects merely being in it. The Leibnizian concept of space however holds the opposite, space doesnt really exist and is just a relation created between existing objects. Kant believes both concepts are wrong and claims that to first know about objects in space, we must have some deeper knowledge of space to put them in space. He further tries to claim that space is only a form of intuition and not just the foundation to support either of the other two concepts. Kant presents some strong points showing the faults in the other concepts and provides a reason alternative to what makes the nature of space. However his concept too, that space is known only through intuition, also isnt as strong as it should be. It appears that space may be known through intuition from an individual perspective, but on closer investigation, taking in all forms of life and evolution, where did this pre wired intuition of space have its start? Kants concept of space seems to be well grounded in some areas and not in others. Kants definition of space helps him prove that the concept of space is a form of intuition. Space, he holds, is everything that is sensed outside of us. The mind is the inner sense and everything else is in space. We then represent objects in that space, where they are interpreted as having shape, magnitude and relationships to other objects in space. But then what is this space, Kant questions? Not satisfied with the current theories of the nature of time, Kant moves to show their faults through a set of arguments. The Newtonian concept of space claims that space exists as an entity in its own right. This concept is the most user friendly, and it is similar to the common sense view that most people grow up with. That is, we experience objects around us as exist in a void of space, where that void itself can exist on its own. Objects exist in this space, which is an infinite entity. The theory claims that through our sense, sight, touch extra, we learn about the world. We learn from our senses about space and how it works. We start of in the world with no idea of space and through a trial and area type system of learning, we being to understand the nature of space and of objects in it. Space exists and we lean of its existence though life experience. Kant cannot accept the Newtonian concept of space. In his first argument, Kant claims that space is not a concept that has been drawn from our experiences. His reasoning behind this is; how can we know to put the data that we gain from our senses into a world of space if we dont know of space to begin with? That is, to know to put this sensory data into a thing called space, we must first have some idea of space. Kant does not think that it is possible to stumble across the idea of space just through trial and error. Space, he claims, must be an intuitive idea that we are born with, so we know to put the data we gain into some logical order. We cant experience space without first having some idea of it being there. We must know what we are looking for, before we can find it. Kant seems to be onto something with this argument. It does seem plausible to think that the idea of space is already programmed into our brain. For we are objects ourselves that did develop in this world. But then isnt that learning about space through experience just over a few generations. So on a longer time scale we gradually learnt how to interact with space. The intuition of space is just another characteristic that we gain from our ancestors. The species, or life, learnt about space. But this is not what Kant is trying to claim. He is claiming that it is intuition that we have always had, the entire human existence has always had. This on the biological level seems rather odd. Is it just humans that have this intuition? It doesnt seem grounded to answer this question with a yes. But then back in early beings of life, do single cell organisms also have this intuition, do they even know they exist? So Kant must mean fully developed humans, or at least fairly intelligent animals. But this still suggests that having the intuition of space is something that is developed over evolution. So in turn is something that is gain from the species evolutionary experience. It is an odd claim to say that just one day a higher level animal just suddenly experience space. Perhaps now we have some basic animal instinct of how space works, Kant does not justify how this come about. The intuition of space my have evolved, which is a from of long term experience. The Leibnizian concept claims that space is just the relationship between objects and cannot exist on its own. Unlike the Newtonian concept of space, this theory claims that space does not and could not exist without the presents of objects. Space is just an attribute of objects, without them space is not present. If there was no objects there would be no need for space and it would not be present. We see objects all around us, and in order to understand the raw data presented by our senses we dream up relationships among them which we call space. Space is not an entity in its own right, it is simple the relation between existing objects. Kant can also not accept the Leibnizian concept of space. In his second argument, Kant claims that it is possible to have space without the presents of objects. Using a thought experiment Kant tries to show that we can image an empty space, a space without objects in it. He uses the experiment as a direct attack on the Leibnizian concept that space is just an attribute of objects. Kant believes that it is possible to image empty space, free of any objects. He claims that since this is possible space must be more then just an attribute of existing objects. Kants argument here doesnt seem as strong. He just seems to state that we can imagine empty, boundless space. It seems slightly more difficult to achieve then what he makes out. At first it seems sure, we can think of empty space, but is it really empty space that we are imagining here? Maybe we can think of a void, but isnt that just the space between objects? The depths of space, are just long distances from existing objects, not empty space. It seems every time we try to think of space it is in relation to objects or boundaries. Kant tries to make the thought experiment seem simple, but on closer inspection, imagining space total separate to objects is very difficult. Space might be its own existing thing, but it is not shown through this method of reasoning. It still seems plausible that space in known by our intuition, however that intuition is just knowing to see that existing objects have the attribute, and relation to other objects, space. Kant does not strongly prove that space can exist on its own. Kant claims that space is an existing thing that we are born being aware of and nothing more. It can only be this and not a combination of intuition and the Newtonian and Leibnizian concepts of space. It cant be, for example, that space is an intuition of a simple relationship between objects, or that we intuitively need to learn of its existence through experience. Kant uses further arguments to show this. In his third argument Kant further shows that to understand space we must first have the framework set out to understand that space must exist. That is it must be known by pure intuition alone. For the Leibnizian concept to be correct, it would seem possible to think of separate spaces. That is, according to the theory, space only exists with resect to objects, or every object has its own space. It seems the concept is suggesting that there is lots of little spaces everywhere, that connect, or not connect, regarding if the objects are close or near. Kant believes that is not a very reasonable way of seeing how the world or space works. Intuitively we seem to know that there is one infinite space, that maybe divided up by objects, but is still known to be part of the one big whole of space. Kant even seems to suggest that it is impossible for our minds to imagine no space at all. Our intuition of space is so strong, our minds cannot interpret the world without it. Space cannot be intuitive and a relation between objects, Kant believes it must only be known intuitively The mind experiment Kant uses here seems much more agreeable. I does seem that we see space as one big infinite entity, in which all objects exists. The Leibnizian theory does seem to infer that there are lots of little independent spaces following the object they belong to. This seems to be a very strange way of seeing the world indeed, and one very hard to imagine. Kants argument against the Leibnizian concept is strong here, but does it prove that both space is an intuition and not at all an aspect of an object? It appears we can agree with Kant that space is not just a relation between objects, that it exists in its own right. But what is not strong is that intuition is the way we can experience and not through learning from our senses. In his forth and finally argument on the nature of space, Kant tries to show that it is not something we intuitively know to look for, but that we are already born knowing of its existence. Kant believes that it is not possible to interpret the raw data given to us by our senses into any order without first knowing to put it into space. The data would simple not make any sense. And why would just having this data spore the idea of putting into an order of space. How do we know to link that sound with that vision? Yes we learn other things about the world from experience, but this only possible by having the framework of knowing how space works in our heads to being with. All other knowledge is built on the bedrock of us knowing that things outside of us work in space. Kant claims that knowing space is through intuition alone, and through a combination of intuition and learning. Kants argument here is partly agreeable. He makes a strong point that linking to very different experience, like sight and sound, into one event, would be very difficult achieve, if at all, if they werent put into space. From a person to person basis his concept of space is quiet agreeable. If each person was to learn in their life time about how space worked, wouldnt there, by numbers, be some people they never stumble across its working, or even people taking different amounts of time to achieve this knowledge. It would seem that these people would behave very strange in the world. Babies seem to develop an idea of how space works in all about the same way and time frame. If it was up to each individual to learn, or to stumble across the truth, the world would probably be a very different place. So yes, Kant seems to be on the right track that each person is pre wire to expect a world with space, this does not however explain how and when and for what level of life this pre wiring occurred. Kants theory of intuitive space needs to be more developed. Kant finally concludes that space cant be known through trial and error, it cant be an attribute of objects, and must be known through the intuition alone. The raw data that our eyes and ears gather would be useless if our mind didnt have space to make sense of it all. But would space still exist even if it wasnt an intuition? Kant would seem to answer yes to this. So is the need to have the intuition of space to understand it just a human condition? Kants reply to this one does not seem as clear. Surely before humans there were living beings interacting in space. Did these living things need an intuition of space to survive? For humans it seems necessary that we understand the nature of space, otherwise I dont think we would be able to survive. But then if we didnt understand what our senses where telling us by putting them into the concept of space, why would we evolve senses at all? Surely we wouldnt have eyes and ears ect. If we evolved not needing or using them. So does every animal that has the same sensors as us have the same intuition of space as we do? This idea seems to be begging the question ? what came first the intuition of space, or the senses and the ability to perceive it? For one seems to be seems to be surely useless with out the other. Kants concept seems to work if we just look at a snap shot of the world functioning today, however it does not satisfy how the world got to be the way it is. Perhaps this is not goal he was wanting to achieve, but for his concept to hold these questions of evolution need to be answered. Kants claims show the faults in past concepts, however his concepts is not total solid yet either. Kant resolves some issues, but then raises some more. It seems now that we cant take for granted what we all assume that we learn about space through experience, and it seems too that space exists in its own right. Kant seems to make this clear, he does not however clearly prove that space is known by intuition alone.

Acid Rain :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acid rain is a very big pollution problem in the world. It has killed fish and other aquatic life in many lakes and streams. It harms human health, disfigures monuments and erodes buildings, and, along with other pollutants, threatens forests. The story of acid rain can be compared to the plot of a science fiction movie. In the 1950s an invisible force begins to destroy lakes and rivers, killing trout and salmon. By the 1960s it is harming the waters of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. High-altitude forests are beginning to fade away. City statues are gradually eaten away. The appearance from the damage of the aliens is starting to appear all over. Just as in science fiction movies, the authorities refuse to warn the alarmed citizens. Also, at the last moment the scientists figure away to destroy the aliens. Unfortunately, fiction and fact falls apart at this point. There is no quick remedy that will wipe out acid rain completely. (Pringle 1-2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coal was the main fuel of many industries in the early nineteenth century. Coal contains sulfur and when burning it, it will produce sulfur dioxide. When in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide may be converted to sulfuric acid (Pringle 8). Acid rain is dispensed across the world by air currents. When attempting to fix local air pollution problems, the solutions actually added to acid rain problems on other parts of the world. High smoke stakes were developed to distribute pollutant acid-laden smoke higher in the atmosphere and spread it elsewhere (Merki 598). This was a quick remedy to a local problem, but harmed other parts of the world. Acid rain is a global problem because it more often than not, spreads over national borders instead of staying in a local spot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several causes of acidification, and various mechanisms by which it may occur. Acid rain falling on water bodies has a direct affect. In areas where soils are acidic, runoff from the soil transports acidic water, which may also contain aluminum, into lakes and rivers. Soil acidification may be caused by acid rain, but other factors may also be involved. For example, if pasture reverts to coniferous acidic runoff even though the rain itself is not acidic. Salty rain leaches acid components out of the soil and transports them to the rivers. (Rivers 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The chemical content of acid rain is in itself dangerous to fish and other freshwater organisms.